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Fiscal Policy and MPC Heterogeneity

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  • Jappelli, Tullio
  • Pistaferri, Luigi

Abstract

We use responses to survey questions in the 2010 Italian Survey of Household Income and Wealth that ask consumers how much of an unexpected transitory income change they would consume. We find that the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is 48 percent on average, and that there is substantial heterogeneity in the distribution. We find that households with low cash-on-hand exhibit a much lower MPC than affluent households, which is in agreement with models with precautionary savings where income risk plays an important role. The results have important implications for the evaluation of fiscal policy, and for predicting household responses to tax reforms and redistributive policies. In particular, we find that a debt-financed increase in transfers of 1 percent of national disposable income targeted to the bottom decile of the cash-on-hand distribution would increase aggregate consumption by 0.82 percent. Furthermore, we find that redistributing 1% of national disposable from the top to the bottom decile of the income distribution would boost aggregate consumption by 0.1%.

Suggested Citation

  • Jappelli, Tullio & Pistaferri, Luigi, 2013. "Fiscal Policy and MPC Heterogeneity," CEPR Discussion Papers 9333, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
  • Handle: RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:9333
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Marginal propensity to consume; Fiscal policy; Consumption heterogeneity;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D91 - Microeconomics - - Micro-Based Behavioral Economics - - - Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making
    • E21 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Consumption; Saving; Wealth

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