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Equité et efficacité des écoles : une comparaison internationale basée sur la mobilité sociale à l'école

Author

Listed:
  • Jean HINDRIKS

    (Université catholique de Louvain, CORE, Belgium)

  • Mattéo GODIN

Abstract

L’objectif de cette étude est de comparer les écoles sur base de leur capacité de bien faire réussir les élèves socialement défavorisés. C’est-à-dire les écoles qui contribuent à la mobilité sociale à l’école. Nous allons pour cela faire passer aux écoles un double test sur base des résultats PISA 2012 en mathématiques. Le test de l’efficacité détermine la capacité d’une école à faire réussir ses élèves au-delà des performances attendues sur base de leur origine socio-économique. La performance attendue est déterminée au niveau national. Elle représente le rang scolaire moyen d’un élève en fonction de son rang social au niveau national. Le test de l’équité compare la mobilité sociale des élèves d’une même école à la mobilité sociale des élèves dans les autres écoles. La corrélation entre équité et efficacité pour l'ensemble de l'échantillon (toutes les écoles confondues) est de +23%. Nous identifierons ensuite les traits communs des écoles ainsi considérées comme à la fois équitables et efficaces. En particulier, nous analyserons leur composition sociale et leur niveau de mixité sociale, ainsi que les attitudes des enseignants et leurs pratiques et méthodes pédagogiques. Nous analyserons aussi au niveau international, la performance scolaire et la mobilité sociale à l’école des familles monoparentales. Au niveau de la Belgique, nous comparerons la part des écoles équitables et efficaces dans chaque Communauté (française et flamande) et dans chaque réseau d’enseignement (libre et officiel). En Communauté flamande, le réseau libre a trois fois plus d’écoles équitables et efficaces que le réseau officiel, contre deux fois plus en Communauté française.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean HINDRIKS & Mattéo GODIN, 2016. "Equité et efficacité des écoles : une comparaison internationale basée sur la mobilité sociale à l'école," LIDAM Discussion Papers CORE 2016049, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).
  • Handle: RePEc:cor:louvco:2016049
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cherchye, Laurens & De Witte, Kristof & Ooghe, Erwin & Nicaise, Ides, 2010. "Efficiency and equity in private and public education: A nonparametric comparison," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 202(2), pages 563-573, April.
    2. D'Agostino, Marcello & Dardanoni, Valentino, 2009. "The measurement of rank mobility," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 144(4), pages 1783-1803, July.
    3. Jean HINDRIKS & Mattéo GODIN, 2016. "Equité et efficacité des systèmes scolaires : une comparaison internationale basée sur la mobilité sociale à l’école," LIDAM Discussion Papers CORE 2016048, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • I21 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Analysis of Education
    • I24 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Inequality
    • I32 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty

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