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Companionship and Altruism in Daily Activity Time Allocation and Travel by Men and Women in the Same Households

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  • Goulias, Konstadinos G

Abstract

In this paper, using data from 366 households we study human interaction within and outside the household. In the analysis altruism and companionship between men and women are explored using path analysis to identify gender-roles and mutual influences. Men and women have very different templates of time allocation characterized by lack of symmetry in relationships between men and women. Although women's time allocation has some influence on men's time allocation, it may function as a constraint only when women engage in activities for a considerable amount of time in a day. In contrast, men's influence is significant and substantial at any level of time allocation. Regarding the relationship between altruism and companionship, men appear to be "rationing" their time and allocate time either to relatives or to others. Women appear to be more fully engaged with relatives and with others (presumably functioning as the social network hubs of the household). Finally, travel is not emerging as a cause but as an outcome supporting once again the practice in activity-based models of considering travel demand as derived from the need to participate in activities. It should also be noted that travel is a very small fraction of the total daily time allocation and does not function as a constraint in budgeting time for activities with and for relatives and other persons. A clear hierarchy also emerges from the path model developed here with blocks of variables determining other blocks of variables in a sequence.

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  • Goulias, Konstadinos G, 2007. "Companionship and Altruism in Daily Activity Time Allocation and Travel by Men and Women in the Same Households," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt7d44668g, University of California Transportation Center.
    • Handle: RePEc:cdl:uctcwp:qt7d44668g
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sergio Jara-Díaz, 2003. "On the goods-activities technical relations in the time allocation theory," Transportation, Springer, vol. 30(3), pages 245-260, August.
    2. Goulias, Konstadinos G. & Henson, Kriste M., 2006. "On Altruists and Egoists in Activity Participation and Travel: Who are they and do they live together?," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt0p36z3r0, University of California Transportation Center.
    3. Scott, Darren M. & Kanaroglou, Pavlos S., 2002. "An activity-episode generation model that captures interactions between household heads: development and empirical analysis," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 875-896, December.
    4. Zhang, Junyi & Fujiwara, Akimasa, 2006. "Representing household time allocation behavior by endogenously incorporating diverse intra-household interactions: A case study in the context of elderly couples," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 40(1), pages 54-74, January.
    5. Etzioni, Amitai, 1986. "The Case for a Multiple-Utility Conception," Economics and Philosophy, Cambridge University Press, vol. 2(2), pages 159-184, October.
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    7. Konstadinos Goulias & Kriste Henson, 2006. "On altruists and egoists in activity participation and travel: who are they and do they live together?," Transportation, Springer, vol. 33(5), pages 447-462, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Lee, Jae Hyun & Goulias, Konstadinos G., 2018. "Companionship and time investment in social fields at different life cycle stages: Implications for activity and travel modeling and simulation," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 18-28.

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