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The ins and outs of the gender unemployment gap in the OECD

Author

Listed:
  • Lydon, Reamonn

    (Central Bank of Ireland)

  • Simmons, Michael

    (University of London)

Abstract

Variations in the unemployment rates of men and women often differ markedly. To understand the dynamics of the gender unemployment gap, this paper estimates the inflows to, and outflows from, unemployment by gender for 18 OECD countries over the last four decades. Whilst there are are cross-country differences in the relative contribution of inflows and outflows by gender, there is a clear common pattern: differences in the variations of the inflow of unemployment explain the majority of the dynamics of the gender unemployment gap for all countries under study. Specifically, in the recessions covered by our data, the flow of males into unemployment is typically larger than the flow of females into unemployment. Using data on output by sector, we show that a candidate explanation for these results for each country is the differing gender composition by sector. Over the four decades of data we analyse, and across all countries, females were more likely to work in sectors less exposed to economic downturns.

Suggested Citation

  • Lydon, Reamonn & Simmons, Michael, 2020. "The ins and outs of the gender unemployment gap in the OECD," Research Technical Papers 10/RT/20, Central Bank of Ireland.
    • Handle: RePEc:cbi:wpaper:10/rt/20
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    File URL: https://www.centralbank.ie/docs/default-source/publications/research-technical-papers/10rt20-the-ins-and-outs-of-the-gender-unemployment-gap-in-the-oecd.pdf?sfvrsn=6
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Brand, Claus & Obstbaum, Meri & Coenen, Günter & Sondermann, David & Lydon, Reamonn & Ajevskis, Viktors & Hammermann, Felix & Angino, Siria & Hernborg, Nils & Basso, Henrique & Hertweck, Matthias & Bi, 2021. "Employment and the conduct of monetary policy in the euro area," Occasional Paper Series 275, European Central Bank.
    2. Bertheau, Antoine & Vejlin, Rune Majlund, 2023. "Job Ladders by Firm Wage and Productivity," IZA Discussion Papers 15872, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    3. Simmons, Michael, 2023. "Job-to-job transitions, job finding and the ins of unemployment," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Unemployment; gender; inflows; outflows; dynamics.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
    • E32 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J6 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers

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