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Disparity, Deprivation and Discrimination in Rural India

Author

Listed:
  • Raghav Gaiha1
  • Ganesh Thapa
  • Katsushi Imai
  • Vani S. Kulkarni

Abstract

years, some disadvantaged groups-the Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST)- remain mired in acute poverty. The present study assesses their poverty and relative deprivation, and the underlying factors. Our analysis of the 61st round of the NSS for 2004-05 confirms higher incidence and intensity of poverty among the STs and SCs, relative to non-ST/SC (Others). A decomposition of poverty gap suggests that a large part of the gap between the ST and Others is due to differences in returns or structural differences while among the SCs it is due largely to differences in characteristics or endowments. Whether these structural differences are a reflection of ‘current’ discrimination is far from self-evident, given the important role of personal identity in determining performance. The policy design therefore cannot be limited to enhancing the endowments of the STs, SCs and other disadvantaged groups. While some of the disparity in living standards may have elements of discrimination, subject of course to the measurement problems, it is arguable that lower quality of education, location in remote, inaccessible areas with limited infrastructure and market access cause poverty and inequity to persist.

Suggested Citation

  • Raghav Gaiha1 & Ganesh Thapa & Katsushi Imai & Vani S. Kulkarni, 2007. "Disparity, Deprivation and Discrimination in Rural India," Global Development Institute Working Paper Series 1307, GDI, The University of Manchester.
    • Handle: RePEc:bwp:bwppap:1307
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    Cited by:

    1. Amarjit Singh Sethi & Ritu Pandhi, 2014. "Interstate Divergences in Nutritional Expenditure in India: A Cluster Analysis Approach," Poverty & Public Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 6(1), pages 80-97, March.
    2. Manik Kumar & Sweety Pandey, 2021. "Wage Gap Between Formal and Informal Regular Workers in India: Evidence from the National Sample Survey," Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies, Emerging Markets Forum, vol. 13(1), pages 104-121, January.
    3. Anjan R. Chaudhury & Madhabendra Sinha, 2022. "Persistence of intergroup occupational disparity in India," Poverty & Public Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 14(4), pages 437-467, December.
    4. Chandan Sharma & Sudharshan Reddy Paramati, 2018. "Measuring Inequality of Opportunity for the Backward Communities: Regional Evidence from the Indian Labour Market," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 138(2), pages 479-503, July.
    5. Agrawal, Tushar, 2014. "Gender and caste-based wage discrimination in India : some recent evidence," Journal for Labour Market Research, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany], vol. 47(4), pages 329-340.
    6. Raghbendra Jha & Raghav Gaiha & Manoj K. Pandey, 2010. "Determinants of Employment in India's National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme," ASARC Working Papers 2010-17, The Australian National University, Australia South Asia Research Centre.
    7. Joshi, E. & Veettil, P. Chellattan, 2018. "Effect of Mechanization on the welfare of marginalized sections of the society," 2018 Conference, July 28-August 2, 2018, Vancouver, British Columbia 277395, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    8. Vani S. Kulkarni & Veena S. Kulkarni & Raghav Gaiha, 2013. "Double burden of malnutrition: Why are Indian women likely to be underweight and obese?," Global Development Institute Working Paper Series 19013, GDI, The University of Manchester.
    9. Raghav Gaiha & Vani Kulkarni & Manoj Pandey & Katsushi Imai, 2009. "Pro-poor growth, poverty, and inequality in rural Vietnam: welfare gap between the ethnic majority and minority," Economics Discussion Paper Series 0907, Economics, The University of Manchester.

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