IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/bdr/borrec/1332.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Estructura tributaria y desempeño de las firmas colombianas

Author

Listed:
  • Juan Esteban Carranza
  • Alejandra Ximena González-Ramírez
  • Mauricio Villamizar-Villegas

Abstract

Este documento analiza la estructura tributaria de las firmas colombianas, caracterizada por una alta heterogeneidad en las tasas efectivas del impuesto sobre la renta. En particular, identificamos la existencia de un impuesto implícito al tamaño de las firmas, definido como el cambio en la carga tributaria efectiva asociado con cambios en distintas medidas del tamaño de las firmas. En particular, encontramos una variación sistemática en la tasa efectiva de tributación con respecto a medidas del patrimonio de las firmas. Nuestros hallazgos indican que este impuesto implícito es progresivo para firmas de menor tamaño y regresivo para aquellas de mayor tamaño. Tomando como marco las reformas tributarias vigentes durante 2017–2018 y 2022–2023, estimamos el efecto de este impuesto sobre el desempeño empresarial. Encontramos que, además de reducir el tamaño patrimonial de las firmas, este impuesto tiene efectos adversos sobre la inversión real y genera distorsiones en las decisiones de financiamiento. *****ABSTRACT: This paper analyzes the tax structure of Colombian firms, which is characterized by a high heterogeneity in effective corporate income tax rates. In particular, we identify the existence of an implicit tax on the size of firms, defined as the change in the effective tax burden associated with different measures of firms’ size. In particular, we find that the effective tax rate of firms varies with the change in firms’ equity. Our findings indicate that this implicit tax is progressive for smaller firms and regressive for larger ones. We estimate the effect of this tax on firm performance using the tax reforms enacted during the period of analysis. We find that, in addition to reducing firms’ equity size, this tax has adverse effects on real investment and generates distortions in financing decisions.

Suggested Citation

  • Juan Esteban Carranza & Alejandra Ximena González-Ramírez & Mauricio Villamizar-Villegas, 2025. "Estructura tributaria y desempeño de las firmas colombianas," Borradores de Economia 1332, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:1332
    DOI: 10.32468/be.1332
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.32468/be.1332
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.32468/be.1332?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Oliver Pardo & Liliana Heredia & Angélica Nieto & Gabriel Millán, 2024. "La tributación en impuesto sobre la renta por actividad económica en Colombia: descripción a partir de la tasa efectiva de tributación," Coyuntura Económica, Fedesarrollo, vol. 54, pages 61-82.
    2. Hernando José Gómez R. & Roberto Steiner, 2015. "La reforma tributaria y su impacto sobre la tasa efectiva de tributación de las firmas en Colombia," Coyuntura Económica, Fedesarrollo, vol. 45(1), pages 13-45.
    3. Fatih Guvenen & Gueorgui Kambourov & Burhan Kuruscu & Sergio Ocampo & Daphne Chen, 2023. "Use It or Lose It: Efficiency and Redistributional Effects of Wealth Taxation," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 138(2), pages 835-894.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Bellofatto, Antonio Andrés, 2025. "Wealth taxation and life expectancy," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    2. Moore, Rachel & Pecoraro, Brandon, 2023. "Quantitative analysis of a wealth tax for the United States: Exclusions and expenditures," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    3. Dias, Thiago & Gonçalves, Sebastián, 2024. "Effectiveness of wealth-based vs exchange-based tax systems in reducing inequality," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 641(C).
    4. Macnamara, Patrick & Pidkuyko, Myroslav & Rossi, Raffaele, 2024. "Marginal tax rates and income in the long run: Evidence from a structural estimation," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
    5. Roberto Iacono & Bard Smedsvik, 2023. "Behavioral responses to wealth taxation: evidence from a Norwegian reform," Working Papers halshs-04423923, HAL.
    6. Matteo Dalle Luche & Demetrio Guzzardi & Elisa Palagi & Andrea Roventini & Alessandro Santoro, 2024. "Tackling the regressivity of the Italian tax system: An optimal taxation framework with heterogeneous returns to capital," World Inequality Lab Working Papers halshs-04753529, HAL.
    7. Siew Ling Yew & Shuyun May Li & Solmaz Moslehi, 2024. "Optimal parental leave subsidization with endogenous fertility and growth," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 62(1), pages 97-125, January.
    8. Alexandre Gaillard & Christian Hellwig & Philipp Wangner & Nicolas Werquin, 2023. "Consumption, Wealth, and Income Inequality: A Tale of Tails," Working Paper Series WP 2023-43, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago.
    9. Brendan K. Beare & Alexis Akira Toda, 2025. "Optimal taxation and the Domar‐Musgrave effect," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 63(4), pages 1170-1200, October.
    10. M. Salazar, 2021. "Tax policies, informality, and real wage rigidities," Documentos de trabajo - Alianza EFI 20044, Alianza EFI.
    11. Víctor Mauricio Castaneda Rodríguez & Jairo Orlando Villabona-Robayo, 2020. "El impuesto sobre la renta empresarial en Colombia: su tasa efectiva y su relación con la inversión," Apuntes del Cenes, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, vol. 39(70), pages 183-205.
    12. Altmejd, Adam & Jansson, Thomas & Karabulut, Yigitcan, 2024. "Business Education and Portfolio Returns," IZA Discussion Papers 16976, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    13. Boar, Corina & Knowles, Matthew, 2024. "Optimal taxation of risky entrepreneurial capital," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 234(C).
    14. Thomas Phelan, 2025. "On The Optimality Of Differential Asset Taxation," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 66(1), pages 53-78, February.
    15. Shahar Rotberg & Joseph B. Steinberg, 2024. "Tax Evasion and Capital Taxation," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 132(7), pages 2488-2529.
    16. van der Geest, Jesse, 2024. "Economic effects of tax avoidance and compliance," Other publications TiSEM aaca33bf-975d-4e21-9b5f-5, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    17. Sergio Ocampo & Baxter Robinson, 2024. "Computing Longitudinal Moments for Heterogeneous Agent Models," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 64(3), pages 1891-1912, September.
    18. Elisa Stumpf & Silke Uebelmesser, 2025. "Preferences for Wealth Redistribution: The Role of Social Background and Merit," Jena Economics Research Papers 2025-008, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena.
    19. Lin, Ziqi (Rachel), 2025. "Tax share analysis and prediction of kernel extreme Learning machine optimized by vector weighted average algorithm," OSF Preprints ymjw9_v1, Center for Open Science.
    20. José Luis Peydró & Hernán Rincón-Castro & Miguel Sarmiento-Paipilla & Alejandro Granados, 2025. "Wealth Taxes and Firms’ Capital Structures: Credit Supply and Real Effects," Borradores de Economia 1316, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    • D22 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis
    • D25 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Intertemporal Firm Choice: Investment, Capacity, and Financing

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:1332. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Clorith Angélica Bahos Olivera (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/brcgvco.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.