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The 2021–22 Merchant Acceptance Survey Pilot Study

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  • Angelika Welte
  • Joy Wu

Abstract

In recent years, the rise in digital payment innovations such as contactless cards and Interac eTransfer has spurred a discussion about the future of cash at the point of sale. The COVID-19 pandemic has also contributed to this discussion: While consumers reported that some merchants started to refuse cash early on in the pandemic, such reported refusals dropped as the pandemic progressed. The Bank of Canada’s most recent Merchant Acceptance Survey (MAS) took place in 2018, prompting a need for updated data to study merchant cash acceptance, payment trends and conditions for the potential issuance of a central bank digital currency (Lane 2020, 2021a). Against this background, the Bank conducted the 2021–22 MAS Pilot Study to monitor payment methods accepted by small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs). Survey data was collected from merchants in two batches, in late 2021 and early 2022. Our results show that 97% of SMBs in Canada accepted cash in 2021–22 and only 3% have plans to stop accepting cash. For cards and digital payments, merchant acceptance has increased since 2018. Additionally, the acceptance of different payment methods varies by the size of the merchant, industry and region.

Suggested Citation

  • Angelika Welte & Joy Wu, 2023. "The 2021–22 Merchant Acceptance Survey Pilot Study," Discussion Papers 2023-1, Bank of Canada.
    • Handle: RePEc:bca:bocadp:23-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jean‐Charles Rochet & Jean Tirole, 2006. "Two‐sided markets: a progress report," RAND Journal of Economics, RAND Corporation, vol. 37(3), pages 645-667, September.
    2. Angelika Welte & Jozsef Molnar, 2021. "The market for acquiring card payments from small and medium-sized Canadian merchants," Business Economics, Palgrave Macmillan;National Association for Business Economics, vol. 56(2), pages 87-97, April.
    3. Heng Chen & Rallye Shen, 2017. "The Bank of Canada 2015 Retailer Survey on the Cost of Payment Methods: Calibration for Single-Location Retailers," Technical Reports 109, Bank of Canada.
    4. Heng Chen & Walter Engert & Kim Huynh & Daneal O’Habib & Joy Wu & Julia Zhu, 2022. "Cash and COVID-19: What happened in 2021," Discussion Papers 2022-8, Bank of Canada.
    5. Ben Fung & Kim Huynh & Anneke Kosse, 2017. "Acceptance and Use of Payments at the Point of Sale in Canada," Bank of Canada Review, Bank of Canada, vol. 2017(Autumn), pages 14-26.
    6. Kim Huynh & Gradon Nicholls & Oleksandr Shcherbakov, 2022. "Equilibrium in Two-Sided Markets for Payments: Consumer Awareness and the Welfare Cost of the Interchange Fee," Staff Working Papers 22-15, Bank of Canada.
    7. Angelika Welte, 2017. "The Bank of Canada 2015 Retailer Survey on the Cost of Payment Methods: Sampling," Technical Reports 108, Bank of Canada.
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    Cited by:

    1. Angelika Welte & Katrina Talavera & Liang Wang & Joy Wu, 2024. "Résultats de l’enquête de 2023 sur les modes de paiement acceptés par les commerçants : la pandémie de COVID 19 n’a pas fait disparaître l’argent comptant," Discussion Papers 2024-02fr, Bank of Canada.
    2. Felt, Marie-Hélène & Hayashi, Fumiko & Stavins, Joanna & Welte, Angelika, 2023. "Regressive effects of payment card pricing and merchant cost pass-through in the United States and Canada," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Payment clearing and settlement systems;

    JEL classification:

    • C8 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs
    • D22 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis
    • E4 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates
    • L2 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior

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