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Deep Neural Operator Learning for Probabilistic Models

Author

Listed:
  • Erhan Bayraktar
  • Qi Feng
  • Zecheng Zhang
  • Zhaoyu Zhang

Abstract

We propose a deep neural-operator framework for a general class of probability models. Under global Lipschitz conditions on the operator over the entire Euclidean space-and for a broad class of probabilistic models-we establish a universal approximation theorem with explicit network-size bounds for the proposed architecture. The underlying stochastic processes are required only to satisfy integrability and general tail-probability conditions. We verify these assumptions for both European and American option-pricing problems within the forward-backward SDE (FBSDE) framework, which in turn covers a broad class of operators arising from parabolic PDEs, with or without free boundaries. Finally, we present a numerical example for a basket of American options, demonstrating that the learned model produces optimal stopping boundaries for new strike prices without retraining.

Suggested Citation

  • Erhan Bayraktar & Qi Feng & Zecheng Zhang & Zhaoyu Zhang, 2025. "Deep Neural Operator Learning for Probabilistic Models," Papers 2511.07235, arXiv.org.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2511.07235
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Erhan Bayraktar & Qi Feng & Zhaoyu Zhang, 2022. "Deep Signature Algorithm for Multi-dimensional Path-Dependent Options," Papers 2211.11691, arXiv.org, revised Jan 2024.
    2. Sebastian Becker & Patrick Cheridito & Arnulf Jentzen & Timo Welti, 2019. "Solving high-dimensional optimal stopping problems using deep learning," Papers 1908.01602, arXiv.org, revised Aug 2021.
    3. Justin Sirignano & Konstantinos Spiliopoulos, 2017. "DGM: A deep learning algorithm for solving partial differential equations," Papers 1708.07469, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2018.
    4. Lukas Gonon, 2024. "Deep neural network expressivity for optimal stopping problems," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 28(3), pages 865-910, July.
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