IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/arx/papers/2205.04595.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Neural Optimal Stopping Boundary

Author

Listed:
  • A. Max Reppen
  • H. Mete Soner
  • Valentin Tissot-Daguette

Abstract

A method based on deep artificial neural networks and empirical risk minimization is developed to calculate the boundary separating the stopping and continuation regions in optimal stopping. The algorithm parameterizes the stopping boundary as the graph of a function and introduces relaxed stopping rules based on fuzzy boundaries to facilitate efficient optimization. Several financial instruments, some in high dimensions, are analyzed through this method, demonstrating its effectiveness. The existence of the stopping boundary is also proved under natural structural assumptions.

Suggested Citation

  • A. Max Reppen & H. Mete Soner & Valentin Tissot-Daguette, 2022. "Neural Optimal Stopping Boundary," Papers 2205.04595, arXiv.org, revised May 2023.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2205.04595
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.04595
    File Function: Latest version
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Leif Andersen & Mark Broadie, 2004. "Primal-Dual Simulation Algorithm for Pricing Multidimensional American Options," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 50(9), pages 1222-1234, September.
    2. Longstaff, Francis A & Schwartz, Eduardo S, 2001. "Valuing American Options by Simulation: A Simple Least-Squares Approach," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 14(1), pages 113-147.
    3. Sebastian Becker & Patrick Cheridito & Arnulf Jentzen & Timo Welti, 2019. "Solving high-dimensional optimal stopping problems using deep learning," Papers 1908.01602, arXiv.org, revised Aug 2021.
    4. Etienne Chevalier & Sergio Pulido & Elizabeth Zúñiga, 2021. "American options in the Volterra Heston model," Working Papers hal-03178306, HAL.
    5. Garcia, Diego, 2003. "Convergence and Biases of Monte Carlo estimates of American option prices using a parametric exercise rule," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 27(10), pages 1855-1879, August.
    6. Johannes Ruf & Weiguan Wang, 2019. "Neural networks for option pricing and hedging: a literature review," Papers 1911.05620, arXiv.org, revised May 2020.
    7. Maximilien Germain & Mathieu Laurière & Huyên Pham & Xavier Warin, 2021. "DeepSets and their derivative networks for solving symmetric PDEs ," Working Papers hal-03154116, HAL.
    8. Mark Broadie & Menghui Cao, 2008. "Improved lower and upper bound algorithms for pricing American options by simulation," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 8(8), pages 845-861.
    9. Mike Ludkovski, 2020. "mlOSP: Towards a Unified Implementation of Regression Monte Carlo Algorithms," Papers 2012.00729, arXiv.org, revised Oct 2022.
    10. Sebastian Becker & Patrick Cheridito & Arnulf Jentzen, 2020. "Pricing and Hedging American-Style Options with Deep Learning," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-12, July.
    11. Conze, Antoine & Viswanathan, 1991. "Path Dependent Options: The Case of Lookback Options," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 46(5), pages 1893-1907, December.
    12. Sebastian Becker & Patrick Cheridito & Arnulf Jentzen, 2019. "Pricing and hedging American-style options with deep learning," Papers 1912.11060, arXiv.org, revised Jul 2020.
    13. A. Max Reppen & H. Mete Soner & Valentin Tissot-Daguette, 2022. "Deep Stochastic Optimization in Finance," Papers 2205.04604, arXiv.org.
    14. Christian Bayer & Raúl Tempone & Sören Wolfers, 2020. "Pricing American options by exercise rate optimization," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(11), pages 1749-1760, November.
    15. Hans Buehler & Lukas Gonon & Josef Teichmann & Ben Wood & Baranidharan Mohan & Jonathan Kochems, 2019. "Deep Hedging: Hedging Derivatives Under Generic Market Frictions Using Reinforcement Learning," Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper Series 19-80, Swiss Finance Institute.
    16. Justin Sirignano & Konstantinos Spiliopoulos, 2017. "DGM: A deep learning algorithm for solving partial differential equations," Papers 1708.07469, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2018.
    17. Damien Lamberton & Giulia Terenzi, 2019. "Properties of the American price function in the Heston-type models," Working Papers hal-02088487, HAL.
    18. Mark Broadie & Jérôme Detemple, 1997. "The Valuation of American Options on Multiple Assets," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 7(3), pages 241-286, July.
    19. Longstaff, Francis A & Schwartz, Eduardo S, 2001. "Valuing American Options by Simulation: A Simple Least-Squares Approach," University of California at Los Angeles, Anderson Graduate School of Management qt43n1k4jb, Anderson Graduate School of Management, UCLA.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Lukas Gonon, 2022. "Deep neural network expressivity for optimal stopping problems," Papers 2210.10443, arXiv.org.
    2. A. Max Reppen & H. Mete Soner & Valentin Tissot-Daguette, 2023. "Deep stochastic optimization in finance," Digital Finance, Springer, vol. 5(1), pages 91-111, March.
    3. Chinonso Nwankwo & Nneka Umeorah & Tony Ware & Weizhong Dai, 2022. "Deep learning and American options via free boundary framework," Papers 2211.11803, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2022.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. A. Max Reppen & H. Mete Soner & Valentin Tissot-Daguette, 2022. "Deep Stochastic Optimization in Finance," Papers 2205.04604, arXiv.org.
    2. A. Max Reppen & H. Mete Soner & Valentin Tissot-Daguette, 2023. "Deep stochastic optimization in finance," Digital Finance, Springer, vol. 5(1), pages 91-111, March.
    3. Lukas Gonon, 2022. "Deep neural network expressivity for optimal stopping problems," Papers 2210.10443, arXiv.org.
    4. Calypso Herrera & Florian Krach & Pierre Ruyssen & Josef Teichmann, 2021. "Optimal Stopping via Randomized Neural Networks," Papers 2104.13669, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2023.
    5. Sebastian Becker & Patrick Cheridito & Arnulf Jentzen, 2020. "Pricing and Hedging American-Style Options with Deep Learning," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-12, July.
    6. Ivan Guo & Nicolas Langren'e & Jiahao Wu, 2023. "Simultaneous upper and lower bounds of American option prices with hedging via neural networks," Papers 2302.12439, arXiv.org, revised Apr 2024.
    7. Andersson, Kristoffer & Oosterlee, Cornelis W., 2021. "A deep learning approach for computations of exposure profiles for high-dimensional Bermudan options," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 408(C).
    8. Bradley Sturt, 2021. "A nonparametric algorithm for optimal stopping based on robust optimization," Papers 2103.03300, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2023.
    9. Beatriz Salvador & Cornelis W. Oosterlee & Remco van der Meer, 2020. "Financial Option Valuation by Unsupervised Learning with Artificial Neural Networks," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(1), pages 1-20, December.
    10. Chinonso Nwankwo & Nneka Umeorah & Tony Ware & Weizhong Dai, 2022. "Deep learning and American options via free boundary framework," Papers 2211.11803, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2022.
    11. Mike Ludkovski, 2020. "mlOSP: Towards a Unified Implementation of Regression Monte Carlo Algorithms," Papers 2012.00729, arXiv.org, revised Oct 2022.
    12. Sebastian Becker & Patrick Cheridito & Arnulf Jentzen & Timo Welti, 2019. "Solving high-dimensional optimal stopping problems using deep learning," Papers 1908.01602, arXiv.org, revised Aug 2021.
    13. Hainaut, Donatien & Akbaraly, Adnane, 2023. "Risk management with Local Least Squares Monte-Carlo," LIDAM Discussion Papers ISBA 2023003, Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Statistics, Biostatistics and Actuarial Sciences (ISBA).
    14. Lim, Terence & Lo, Andrew W. & Merton, Robert C. & Scholes, Myron S., 2006. "The Derivatives Sourcebook," Foundations and Trends(R) in Finance, now publishers, vol. 1(5–6), pages 365-572, April.
    15. Doan, Viet_Dung & Gaikwad, Abhijeet & Bossy, Mireille & Baude, Françoise & Stokes-Rees, Ian, 2010. "Parallel pricing algorithms for multi-dimensional Bermudan/American options using Monte Carlo methods," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 81(3), pages 568-577.
    16. John Ery & Loris Michel, 2021. "Solving optimal stopping problems with Deep Q-Learning," Papers 2101.09682, arXiv.org.
    17. Vijay V. Desai & Vivek F. Farias & Ciamac C. Moallemi, 2012. "Pathwise Optimization for Optimal Stopping Problems," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 58(12), pages 2292-2308, December.
    18. Ling Lu & Wei Xu & Zhehui Qian, 2017. "Efficient willow tree method for European-style and American-style moving average barrier options pricing," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(6), pages 889-906, June.
    19. Len Patrick Dominic M. Garces & Gerald H. L. Cheang, 2021. "A numerical approach to pricing exchange options under stochastic volatility and jump-diffusion dynamics," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(12), pages 2025-2054, December.
    20. Jin, Xing & Li, Xun & Tan, Hwee Huat & Wu, Zhenyu, 2013. "A computationally efficient state-space partitioning approach to pricing high-dimensional American options via dimension reduction," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 231(2), pages 362-370.

    More about this item

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2205.04595. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: arXiv administrators (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://arxiv.org/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.