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Best-of-Both-Worlds Fairness in Committee Voting

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Listed:
  • Haris Aziz
  • Xinhang Lu
  • Mashbat Suzuki
  • Jeremy Vollen
  • Toby Walsh

Abstract

The best-of-both-worlds paradigm advocates an approach that achieves desirable properties both ex-ante and ex-post. We launch a best-of-both-worlds fairness perspective for the important social choice setting of approval-based committee voting. To this end, we initiate work on ex-ante proportional representation properties in this domain and formalize a hierarchy of notions including Individual Fair Share (IFS), Unanimous Fair Share (UFS), Group Fair Share (GFS), and their stronger variants. We establish their compatibility with well-studied ex-post concepts such as extended justified representation (EJR) and fully justified representation (FJR). Our first main result is a polynomial-time algorithm that simultaneously satisfies ex-post EJR, ex-ante GFS and ex-ante Strong UFS. Subsequently, we strengthen our ex-post guarantee to FJR and present an algorithm that outputs a lottery which is ex-post FJR and ex-ante Strong UFS, but does not run in polynomial time.

Suggested Citation

  • Haris Aziz & Xinhang Lu & Mashbat Suzuki & Jeremy Vollen & Toby Walsh, 2023. "Best-of-Both-Worlds Fairness in Committee Voting," Papers 2303.03642, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2023.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2303.03642
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mohammad Akbarpour & Afshin Nikzad, 2020. "Approximate Random Allocation Mechanisms," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 87(6), pages 2473-2510.
    2. Haris Aziz & Anna Bogomolnaia & Hervé Moulin, 2019. "Fair Mixing: the Case of Dichotomous Preferences," Post-Print hal-03047451, HAL.
    3. Haris Aziz & Markus Brill & Vincent Conitzer & Edith Elkind & Rupert Freeman & Toby Walsh, 2017. "Justified representation in approval-based committee voting," Social Choice and Welfare, Springer;The Society for Social Choice and Welfare, vol. 48(2), pages 461-485, February.
    4. Eric Budish & Yeon-Koo Che & Fuhito Kojima & Paul Milgrom, 2013. "Designing Random Allocation Mechanisms: Theory and Applications," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 103(2), pages 585-623, April.
    5. Duddy, Conal, 2015. "Fair sharing under dichotomous preferences," Mathematical Social Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 1-5.
    6. Bogomolnaia, Anna & Moulin, Herve, 2001. "A New Solution to the Random Assignment Problem," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 100(2), pages 295-328, October.
    7. Gibbard, Allan, 1977. "Manipulation of Schemes That Mix Voting with Chance," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 45(3), pages 665-681, April.
    8. Brams, Steven J. & Kilgour, D. Marc & Zwicker, William, 1997. "Voting on Referenda: The Separability Problem and Possible Solutions," Working Papers 97-15, C.V. Starr Center for Applied Economics, New York University.
    9. Hervé Moulin, 2019. "Fair Division in the Internet Age," Annual Review of Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 11(1), pages 407-441, August.
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