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A 1991 social accounting matrix (SAM) for Zimbabwe

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  • Thomas, Marcelle
  • Bautista, Romeo M.

Abstract

The 1991 Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) for Zimbabwe that we document in this paper is intended to provide benchmark data for economy-wide analysis under the MERRISA Project. Its construction is based on a three-step process: (1) building a macro SAM that presents the aggregative features of the Zimbabwean economy and serves as a control matrix for the micro SAM; (2) disaggregation into a complete but unbalanced micro SAM; and (3) balancing the disaggregated and complete micro SAM using the cross-entropy approach. The macro SAM entries are based on aggregates from a recent, significant revision of the Zimbabwe national accounts for 1991. The structure of the micro SAM is a disaggregated version of the macro SAM. The outcome is an 88 by 88 matrix that includes 36 activities, 27 commodities, 9 factors of production (4 labor, 3 capital, and 2 land categories), 5 households groups, and one account each for enterprises, government, investment/saving, and rest-of-the-world. Among the significant features of the Zimbabwean economy that are explicitly taken into account in the SAM structure are the importance of agriculture, the distinction between smallholder and large-scale commercial farms, home consumption by smallholder farm households, and the large marketing margins that reflect inefficiencies in trade and transport infrastructure.

Suggested Citation

  • Thomas, Marcelle & Bautista, Romeo M., 1999. "A 1991 social accounting matrix (SAM) for Zimbabwe," TMD Discussion Papers 97556, CGIAR, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:iffp23:97556
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.97556
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. International Monetary Fund, 1997. "Zimbabwe: Recent Economic Developments," IMF Staff Country Reports 1997/059, International Monetary Fund.
    2. de Melo, Jaime, 1988. "SAM-based models: An introduction," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 10(3), pages 321-325.
    3. Pyatt, Graham, 1988. "A SAM approach to modeling," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 10(3), pages 327-352.
    4. Robinson, Sherman & Roland-Holst, David W., 1988. "Macroeconomic structure and computable general equilibrium models," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 10(3), pages 353-375.
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