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Cyber Physical Security Framework for Smart Cities Using AI and Quantum Encryption

Author

Listed:
  • Parnav Parmar
  • Husain Rangwala
  • Parth Parmar

Abstract

The rapid evolution of smart cities has introduced complex cybersecurity challenges due to the integration of interconnected systems and the emergence of new technologies. Traditional security mechanisms are increasingly inadequate against sophisticated cyber threats, especially those posed by quantum computing. This research presents a novel AI‐driven cyber‐physical security framework, reinforced with quantum encryption, designed to protect critical smart city infrastructures. The framework applies AI, with the help of quantum encryption, to protect smart city networks, making its use based on machine learning and deep learning to identify abnormal behavior, anticipate malicious behavior, and react to threats quickly. It uses quantum key distribution (QKD) and post‐quantum cryptographic (PQC) algorithms to protect both classical and quantum attacks on exchanges of data. The multi‐layer security architecture focuses on the network, device, and at but provides security on the edge of the urban environments, such as smart grids, transportation, public services, and medical networks. Tests on public datasets and quantum tools showed that the framework had 98.7% threat detection, low false positives, and consumed minimum resources when encrypting data, making it the best fit in real‐world scenarios such as accidents and disasters. Further testing proved its flexibility and speed, thus it is able to suit current and future smart cities. The framework ensures a flexible protection against new threats in both cyber and physical space by integrating AI and quantum technologies, thus demonstrating the necessity of secure and low‐overhead urban digital systems capable of adapting to emerging technologies. 智慧城市的快速发展带来了复杂的网络安全挑战, 这源于互联系统的集成和新兴技术的涌现。传统的安全机制越来越难以应对复杂的网络威胁, 尤其是量子计算带来的威胁。本研究提出了一种新型的人工智能驱动的网络物理安全框架, 并结合量子加密技术, 旨在保护智慧城市的关键基础设施。该框架利用人工智能和量子加密技术来保护智慧城市网络, 其应用基于机器学习和深度学习, 能够识别异常行为、预测恶意行为并快速响应威胁。它采用量子密钥分发(QKD)和后量子密码(PQC)算法来抵御经典攻击和量子攻击, 从而保障数据交换的安全。这一多层安全架构聚焦于网络、设备和终端层面, 同时也为城市环境边缘 (例如智能电网、交通运输、公共服务和医疗网络) 提供安全保障。在公共数据集和量子工具上的测试表明, 该框架的威胁检测率高达98.7%, 误报率低, 且在数据加密过程中资源消耗极低, 使其成为应对事故和灾难等现实场景的最佳选择。进一步的测试证明了其灵活性和速度, 因此能够满足当前和未来智慧城市的需求。该框架通过集成人工智能和量子技术, 确保在网络空间和物理空间中提供灵活的防护, 抵御新型威胁, 从而凸显了“构建安全、低开销且能够适应新兴技术的城市数字系统”一事的必要性。 La rápida evolución de las ciudades inteligentes ha planteado complejos desafíos de ciberseguridad debido a la integración de sistemas interconectados y la aparición de nuevas tecnologías. Los mecanismos de seguridad tradicionales son cada vez más inadecuados frente a las ciberamenazas sofisticadas, especialmente las que plantea la computación cuántica. Esta investigación presenta un novedoso marco de ciberseguridad basado en IA, reforzado con cifrado cuántico, diseñado para proteger las infraestructuras críticas de las ciudades inteligentes. El marco aplica IA, con la ayuda del cifrado cuántico, para proteger las redes de las ciudades inteligentes, basándose en el aprendizaje automático y el aprendizaje profundo para identificar comportamientos anormales, anticipar comportamientos maliciosos y reaccionar rápidamente ante las amenazas. Utiliza algoritmos de distribución de claves cuánticas (QKD) y criptografía poscuántica (PQC) para proteger los ataques clásicos y cuánticos en el intercambio de datos. La arquitectura de seguridad multicapa se centra en la red, el dispositivo y la infraestructura, pero proporciona seguridad en los entornos periféricos de los entornos urbanos, como las redes inteligentes, el transporte, los servicios públicos y las redes médicas. Las pruebas con conjuntos de datos públicos y herramientas cuánticas demostraron que el marco presentaba un 98,7% de detección de amenazas, un bajo índice de falsos positivos y un consumo mínimo de recursos al cifrar datos, lo que lo convierte en la solución ideal para escenarios reales como accidentes y desastres. Pruebas posteriores demostraron su flexibilidad y velocidad, lo que lo hace compatible con las ciudades inteligentes actuales y futuras. El marco garantiza una protección flexible contra nuevas amenazas tanto en el espacio cibernético como en el físico mediante la integración de IA y tecnologías cuánticas, lo que demuestra la necesidad de sistemas digitales urbanos seguros y de bajo consumo, capaces de adaptarse a las tecnologías emergentes.

Suggested Citation

  • Parnav Parmar & Husain Rangwala & Parth Parmar, 2026. "Cyber Physical Security Framework for Smart Cities Using AI and Quantum Encryption," Journal of Critical Infrastructure Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 7(1), January.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:crtinf:v:7:y:2026:i:1:n:e70020
    DOI: 10.1002/jci3.70020
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Elvira Ismagilova & Laurie Hughes & Nripendra P. Rana & Yogesh K. Dwivedi, 2022. "Security, Privacy and Risks Within Smart Cities: Literature Review and Development of a Smart City Interaction Framework," Information Systems Frontiers, Springer, vol. 24(2), pages 393-414, April.
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