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Interracial Contact on College Campuses: Comparing and Contrasting Predictors of Cross-Racial Interaction and Interracial Friendship

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  • Nicholas A. Bowman
  • Julie J. Park

Abstract

Research on diversity in higher education has evolved to consider the nature of interracial contact and campus climate as well as the factors that may foster meaningful interactions. While some studies have explored predictors of cross-racial interaction (CRI) and interracial friendship (IRF), it remains unclear whether and how the same precollege characteristics, institutional attributes, and collegiate experiences might predict both casual encounters and close friendships across race and ethnicity. This study used a four-year, longitudinal sample of 2,932 undergraduates—-with approximately equal numbers of Asian American/Pacific Islander, Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino, and White/Caucasian students—-at 28 institutions to compare and contrast predictors of CRI and IRF. Subgroup analyses also explored the extent to which these relationships vary as a function of students' race/ethnicity. The results of hierarchical linear modeling analyses predicting CRI diverge considerably from those predicting IRF; in fact, several independent variables that are positively related to CRI are also negatively related to IRF. Moreover, the results differ frequently by race/ethnicity, particularly for institutional characteristics and participation in student organizations. Implications for future research and institutional efforts to promote diverse learning environments are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Nicholas A. Bowman & Julie J. Park, 2014. "Interracial Contact on College Campuses: Comparing and Contrasting Predictors of Cross-Racial Interaction and Interracial Friendship," The Journal of Higher Education, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 85(5), pages 660-690, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:uhejxx:v:85:y:2014:i:5:p:660-690
    DOI: 10.1080/00221546.2014.11777344
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Oleg Poldin & Diliara Valeeva & Maria Yudkevich, 2016. "Which Peers Matter: How Social Ties Affect Peer-group Effects," Research in Higher Education, Springer;Association for Institutional Research, vol. 57(4), pages 448-468, June.
    2. Julie J. Park & Young K. Kim & Kristyn Lue & Jia Zheng & Roshan Parikh & Cinthya Salazar & Arman Liwanag, 2021. "Who Are You Studying With? The Role of Diverse Friendships in STEM and Corresponding Inequality," Research in Higher Education, Springer;Association for Institutional Research, vol. 62(8), pages 1146-1167, December.
    3. Musbah Shaheen & Laura S. Dahl & Matthew J. Mayhew & Alyssa N. Rockenbach, 2023. "Inspiring Muslim Appreciation in the First-Year of College: What Makes a Difference?," Research in Higher Education, Springer;Association for Institutional Research, vol. 64(2), pages 177-203, March.
    4. Ruth Sessler Bernstein & Morgan Bulger & Paul Salipante & Judith Y. Weisinger, 2020. "From Diversity to Inclusion to Equity: A Theory of Generative Interactions," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 167(3), pages 395-410, December.
    5. David K. Diehl, 2020. "The Relationship Between Personality Traits and Interracial Contact on Campus," SAGE Open, , vol. 10(4), pages 21582440209, November.

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