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Racial Dynamics of Subprime Mortgage Lending at the Peak

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  • Jacob W. Faber

Abstract

Subprime mortgage lending in the early 2000s was a leading cause of the Great Recession. From 2003 to 2006, subprime loans jumped from 7.6% of the mortgage market to 20.1%, with black and Latino borrowers receiving a disproportionate share. This article leveraged the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act data and multinomial regression to model home-purchase mortgage lending in 2006, the peak of the housing boom. The findings expose a complicated story of race and income. Consistent with previous research, blacks and Latinos were more likely and Asians less likely to receive subprime loans than whites were. Income was positively associated with receipt of subprime loans for minorities, whereas the opposite was true for whites. When expensive (jumbo) loans were excluded from the sample, regressions found an even stronger, positive association between income and subprime likelihood for minorities, supporting the theory that wealthier minorities were targeted for subprime loans when they could have qualified for prime loans. This finding also provides another example of an aspect of American life in which minorities are unable to leverage higher class position in the same way as whites are. Contrary to previous research, model estimates did not find that borrowers paid a penalty (in increased likelihood of subprime outcome) for buying homes in minority communities.

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  • Jacob W. Faber, 2013. "Racial Dynamics of Subprime Mortgage Lending at the Peak," Housing Policy Debate, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(2), pages 328-349, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:houspd:v:23:y:2013:i:2:p:328-349
    DOI: 10.1080/10511482.2013.771788
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Stephen L. Ross & John Yinger, 2002. "The Color of Credit: Mortgage Discrimination, Research Methodology, and Fair-Lending Enforcement," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262182289, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Scott N. Markley & Taylor J. Hafley & Coleman A. Allums & Steven R. Holloway & Hee Cheol Chung, 2020. "The Limits of Homeownership: Racial Capitalism, Black Wealth, and the Appreciation Gap in Atlanta," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(2), pages 310-328, March.
    2. Manthos D. Delis & Panagiotis Papadopoulos, 2019. "Mortgage Lending Discrimination Across the U.S.: New Methodology and New Evidence," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 56(3), pages 341-368, December.
    3. Rebbeca Tesfai, 2017. "Continued Success or Caught in the Housing Bubble? Black Immigrants and the Housing Market Crash," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 36(4), pages 531-560, August.
    4. Jacob W. Faber & Peter M. Rich, 2018. "Financially Overextended: College Attendance as a Contributor to Foreclosures During the Great Recession," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 55(5), pages 1727-1748, October.
    5. Jacob Faber, 2021. "Contemporary echoes of segregationist policy: Spatial marking and the persistence of inequality," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 58(5), pages 1067-1086, April.
    6. Matthew Hall & Kyle Crowder & Amy Spring, 2015. "Variations in Housing Foreclosures by Race and Place, 2005–2012," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 660(1), pages 217-237, July.
    7. Keene, Danya E. & Lynch, Julia F. & Baker, Amy Castro, 2014. "Fragile health and fragile wealth: Mortgage strain among African American homeowners," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 119-126.
    8. Jane Rongerude & Mônica Haddad, 2016. "Cores and Peripheries: Spatial Analysis of Housing Choice Voucher Distribution in the San Francisco Bay Area Region, 2000--2010," Housing Policy Debate, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 26(3), pages 417-436, May.
    9. Chunhui Ren, 2020. "A Framework for Explaining Black-White Inequality in Homeownership Sustainability," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 57(4), pages 1297-1321, August.

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