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Lord–Wingersky Algorithm Version 2.5 with Applications

Author

Listed:
  • Sijia Huang

    (Indiana University Bloomington)

  • Li Cai

    (University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA))

Abstract

Item response theory scoring based on summed scores is employed frequently in the practice of educational and psychological measurement. Lord and Wingersky (Appl Psychol Meas 8(4):453–461, 1984) proposed a recursive algorithm to compute the summed score likelihood. Cai (Psychometrika 80(2):535–559, 2015) extended the original Lord–Wingersky algorithm to the case of two-tier multidimensional item factor models and called it Lord–Wingersky algorithm Version 2.0. The 2.0 algorithm utilizes dimension reduction to efficiently compute summed score likelihoods associated with the general dimensions in the model. The output of the algorithm is useful for various purposes, for example, scoring, scale alignment, and model fit checking. In the research reported here, a further extension to the Lord–Wingersky algorithm 2.0 is proposed. The new algorithm, which we call Lord–Wingersky algorithm Version 2.5, yields the summed score likelihoods for all latent variables in the model conditional on observed score combinations. The proposed algorithm is illustrated with empirical data for three potential application areas: (a) describing achievement growth using score combinations across adjacent grades, (b) identification of noteworthy subscores for reporting, and (c) detection of aberrant responses.

Suggested Citation

  • Sijia Huang & Li Cai, 2021. "Lord–Wingersky Algorithm Version 2.5 with Applications," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 86(4), pages 973-993, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:psycho:v:86:y:2021:i:4:d:10.1007_s11336-021-09785-y
    DOI: 10.1007/s11336-021-09785-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Li Cai, 2010. "A Two-Tier Full-Information Item Factor Analysis Model with Applications," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 75(4), pages 581-612, December.
    2. Lehman, Anthony F., 1988. "A quality of life interview for the chronically mentally ill," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 11(1), pages 51-62, January.
    3. Li Cai, 2015. "Lord–Wingersky Algorithm Version 2.0 for Hierarchical Item Factor Models with Applications in Test Scoring, Scale Alignment, and Model Fit Testing," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 80(2), pages 535-559, June.
    4. Robert Gibbons & Donald Hedeker, 1992. "Full-information item bi-factor analysis," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 57(3), pages 423-436, September.
    5. Michael Edwards, 2010. "A Markov Chain Monte Carlo Approach to Confirmatory Item Factor Analysis," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 75(3), pages 474-497, September.
    6. Li Cai, 2010. "High-dimensional Exploratory Item Factor Analysis by A Metropolis–Hastings Robbins–Monro Algorithm," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 75(1), pages 33-57, March.
    7. Richard A. Feinberg & Matthias von Davier, 2020. "Conditional Subscore Reporting Using Iterated Discrete Convolutions," Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, , vol. 45(5), pages 515-533, October.
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