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Environmental impacts caused by phosphate mining and ecological restoration: a case history in Kunming, China

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  • Yu-You Yang
  • Huai-Na Wu
  • Shui-Long Shen
  • Suksun Horpibulsuk
  • Ye-Shuang Xu
  • Qing-Hong Zhou

Abstract

This paper presents the environmental impacts caused by surface mining and the ecological rehabilitation of Haikou phosphate deposits, Kunming, China. Surface mining entails the removal of the overburden to expose bare rock surfaces, not only causing destruction of pre-existing vegetation, but also occupying large areas of land for dumping the spoil. Severe environmental impacts are caused, e.g. rock desertification, poor forest stand structure, loss of biodiversity, aesthetic depreciation of the landscape, and the potential hazard of landslide and ground erosion. Ecological restoration has been conducted in a demonstration area since 1989 by means of control of geological hazards and revegetation of the disturbed areas. On-site dumping of waste rock for restoration of the abandoned mine area was adopted, providing a new mode of mining reclamation with high economic, environmental, and social value. Countermeasures for prevention and control of landslides included cut and fill technology, drainage, safety netting protection, retaining wall construction, and vegetation cover. By recruiting native plant species to the mine site and planting a forest imitating a natural mixed forest, the mine area was successfully revegetated. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014

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  • Yu-You Yang & Huai-Na Wu & Shui-Long Shen & Suksun Horpibulsuk & Ye-Shuang Xu & Qing-Hong Zhou, 2014. "Environmental impacts caused by phosphate mining and ecological restoration: a case history in Kunming, China," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 74(2), pages 755-770, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:74:y:2014:i:2:p:755-770
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-014-1212-6
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    1. Ye-Shuang Xu & Lei Ma & Yan-Jun Du & Shui-Long Shen, 2012. "Analysis of urbanisation-induced land subsidence in Shanghai," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 63(2), pages 1255-1267, September.
    2. Jianxiu Wang & Xueying Gu & Tianrong Huang, 2013. "Using Bayesian networks in analyzing powerful earthquake disaster chains," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 68(2), pages 509-527, September.
    3. Ye-Shuang Xu & Shui-Long Shen & Yan-Jun Du & Jin-Chun Chai & Suksun Horpibulsuk, 2013. "Modelling the cutoff behavior of underground structure in multi-aquifer-aquitard groundwater system," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 66(2), pages 731-748, March.
    4. Ye-Shuang Xu & Shui-Long Shen & Zheng-Yin Cai & Guo-Yun Zhou, 2008. "The state of land subsidence and prediction approaches due to groundwater withdrawal in China," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 45(1), pages 123-135, April.
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    1. Li, Xiaolin & Janssen, Annette B.G. & de Klein, Jeroen J.M. & Kroeze, Carolien & Strokal, Maryna & Ma, Lin & Zheng, Yi, 2019. "Modeling nutrients in Lake Dianchi (China) and its watershed," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 48-59.

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