IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/nathaz/v121y2025i7d10.1007_s11069-025-07121-6.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Flood analysis using HEC-RAS 1D model for the delta of Brahmani river, Odisha, India

Author

Listed:
  • Padminee Samal

    (Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology
    NIST University)

  • Prakash Chandra Swain

    (Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology)

  • Sandeep Samantaray

    (NIT Srinagar)

Abstract

The Brahmani river is the important and the second largest river network of the Odisha state, India and it is in the state of vulnerable condition during heavy flood in the river. Frequent embankment failures are common features in its delta region, since the homogenous flood embankments along the river are extremely vulnerable to floods. The most common feature in its delta is inundation of vast areas on both sides of the river. Bureau of Indian Standards (2000), in its Indian Standard Guidelines for Planning and Design of River Embankments (Levees), IS 12094:2000 has recommended the adoption of flood of 25 years frequency in the case of predominantly agricultural areas and flood of 100 years frequency for works pertaining to protection of town, important industrial and other vital installations, for design of flood embankments. Also, it recommends that in certain special cases, where damage potential justifies, the maximum observed flood may also be considered. Keeping this in view, flood scenarios of return periods 10, 30, 50, and 100 years, were simulated to provide an insight into future flood risks. Also, investigation is done in this study to examine the effects of three critical flood events which occurred in July 2001, July 2005, and September 2011 on embankments of the major tributaries of Brahmani river, with the use of the 1D HEC-RAS model. Different flow characteristics such as Water Surface Elevation, Flow area, Flow discharge, and Flow velocity, were assessed for both the left and right embankments at various cross sections. From the experiment it is revealed that floods have a greater impact on the right embankment of the upper reach of the Kharasuan and Brahmani rivers than on the middle and lower reaches. At most of the locations, the WSE exceeded the height of both left and right embankments. Since the danger level at Jenapur, the Delta head of Brahmani river is at RL 23 m, and even the water levels during floods of return period less than 10 years are exceeding it, the result is the severe flooding of Delta area. Hence, it is recommended that the flood embankments on both sides of the rivers Kharasuan and Brahmani be raised to have a safeguard against incessant flooding.

Suggested Citation

  • Padminee Samal & Prakash Chandra Swain & Sandeep Samantaray, 2025. "Flood analysis using HEC-RAS 1D model for the delta of Brahmani river, Odisha, India," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 121(7), pages 7941-7966, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:121:y:2025:i:7:d:10.1007_s11069-025-07121-6
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-025-07121-6
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11069-025-07121-6
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s11069-025-07121-6?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mathew Koll Roxy & Kapoor Ritika & Pascal Terray & Raghu Murtugudde & Karumuri Ashok & B. N. Goswami, 2015. "Drying of Indian subcontinent by rapid Indian Ocean warming and a weakening land-sea thermal gradient," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 6(1), pages 1-10, November.
    2. Pawan Kumar Rai & C. T. Dhanya & B. R. Chahar, 2018. "Coupling of 1D models (SWAT and SWMM) with 2D model (iRIC) for mapping inundation in Brahmani and Baitarani river delta," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 92(3), pages 1821-1840, July.
    3. Pankaj Kumar & Rajarshi Dasgupta & Shalini Dhyani & Rakesh Kadaverugu & Brian Alan Johnson & Shizuka Hashimoto & Netrananda Sahu & Ram Avtar & Osamu Saito & Shamik Chakraborty & Binaya Kumar Mishra, 2021. "Scenario-Based Hydrological Modeling for Designing Climate-Resilient Coastal Water Resource Management Measures: Lessons from Brahmani River, Odisha, Eastern India," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-17, June.
    4. Narges Javidan & Ataollah Kavian & Christian Conoscenti & Zeinab Jafarian & Mahin Kalehhouei & Raana Javidan, 2024. "Development of risk maps for flood, landslide, and soil erosion using machine learning model," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 120(13), pages 11987-12010, October.
    5. Muluneh Legesse Edamo & Samuel Dagalo Hatiye & Thomas T. Minda & Tigistu Yisihak Ukumo, 2023. "Flood inundation and risk mapping under climate change scenarios in the lower Bilate catchment, Ethiopia," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 118(3), pages 2199-2226, September.
    6. Munshi Md Shafwat Yazdan & Md Tanvir Ahad & Raaghul Kumar & Md Abdullah Al Mehedi, 2022. "Estimating Flooding at River Spree Floodplain Using HEC-RAS Simulation," J, MDPI, vol. 5(4), pages 1-17, October.
    7. Yan, Fengqin & Wang, Xuege & Huang, Chong & Zhang, Junjue & Su, Fenzhen & Zhao, Yifei & Lyne, Vincent, 2023. "Sea Reclamation in Mainland China: Process, Pattern, and Management," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    8. Jong-hyuk Lee & Sang-ik Lee & Youngjoon Jeong & Byung-hun Seo & Dong-su Kim & Ye-jin Seo & Younggu Her & Won Choi, 2024. "Enhancing flood wave modelling of reservoir failure: a comparative study of structure-from-motion based 2D and 3D methodologies," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 120(13), pages 11611-11640, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Kaustubh Salvi & Subimal Ghosh, 2016. "Projections of Extreme Dry and Wet Spells in the 21st Century India Using Stationary and Non-stationary Standardized Precipitation Indices," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 139(3), pages 667-681, December.
    2. Mel Oliveira Guirro & Gean Paulo Michel, 2023. "Hydrological and hydrodynamic reconstruction of a flood event in a poorly monitored basin: a case study in the Rolante River, Brazil," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 117(1), pages 723-743, May.
    3. Ramesh Kumar Yadav, 2025. "The recent trends in the Indian summer monsoon rainfall," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 27(6), pages 13565-13579, June.
    4. Vimal Mishra & Reepal Shah & Amit Garg, 2016. "Climate Change in Madhya Pradesh: Indicators, Impacts and Adaptation," Working Papers id:10844, eSocialSciences.
    5. Sarah F. W. Taylor & Michael J. Roberts & Ben Milligan & Ronney Ncwadi, 2019. "Measurement and implications of marine food security in the Western Indian Ocean: an impending crisis?," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 11(6), pages 1395-1415, December.
    6. Kikuko Shoyama & Rajarshi Dasgupta & Ronald C. Estoque, 2022. "Ecosystem Service and Land-Use Changes in Asia: Implications for Regional Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-4, November.
    7. Shahfahad & Ahmed Ali Bindajam & Mohd Waseem Naikoo & Swapan Talukdar & Asif & Javed Mallick & Atiqur Rahman, 2024. "Analysing diurnal temperature range and extreme temperature events over Delhi and Mumbai mega cities," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 120(10), pages 9267-9295, August.
    8. Lara Paige Brodie & Smit Vasquez Caballero & Elena Ojea & Sarah F. W. Taylor & Michael Roberts & Patrick Vianello & Narriman Jiddawi & Shankar Aswani & Juan Bueno, 2024. "A new framework on climate-induced food-security risk for small-scale fishing communities in Tanzania," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 16(5), pages 1125-1145, October.
    9. Soma Sen Roy & Shouraseni Sen Roy, 2021. "Spatial patterns of long-term trends in thunderstorms in India," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 107(2), pages 1527-1540, June.
    10. Shuchang Tang & Anouk Vlug & Shilong Piao & Fei Li & Tao Wang & Gerhard Krinner & Laurent Z. X. Li & Xuhui Wang & Guangjian Wu & Yue Li & Yuan Zhang & Xu Lian & Tandong Yao, 2023. "Regional and tele-connected impacts of the Tibetan Plateau surface darkening," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
    11. Tejasvi Chauhan & Anjana Devanand & Mathew Koll Roxy & Karumuri Ashok & Subimal Ghosh, 2023. "River interlinking alters land-atmosphere feedback and changes the Indian summer monsoon," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-13, December.
    12. Mishra, Vimal & Shah, Reepal & Garg, Amit, 2016. "Climate Change in Madhya Pradesh: Indicators, Impacts and Adaptation," IIMA Working Papers WP2016-05-05, Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, Research and Publication Department.
    13. Aimilia-Panagiota Theochari & Evangelos Baltas, 2024. "The Nature-Based Solutions and climate change scenarios toward flood risk management in the greater Athens area—Greece," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 120(5), pages 4729-4747, March.
    14. Maxim Arseni & Adrian Rosu & Madalina Calmuc & Valentina Andreea Calmuc & Catalina Iticescu & Lucian Puiu Georgescu, 2020. "Development of Flood Risk and Hazard Maps for the Lower Course of the Siret River, Romania," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-24, August.
    15. Singh, Naveen P. & Anand, Bhawna & Singh, Surendra, 2020. "Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture in India: Assessment for Agro-Climatic Zones," Policy Papers 344978, ICAR National Institute of Agricultural Economics and Policy Research (NIAP).
    16. Manh Xuan Trinh & Frank Molkenthin, 2021. "Flood hazard mapping for data-scarce and ungauged coastal river basins using advanced hydrodynamic models, high temporal-spatial resolution remote sensing precipitation data, and satellite imageries," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 109(1), pages 441-469, October.
    17. Georgia Siakara & Nikolaos Gourgouletis & Evangelos Baltas, 2024. "Assessing the Efficiency of Fully Two-Dimensional Hydraulic HEC-RAS Models in Rivers of Cyprus," Geographies, MDPI, vol. 4(3), pages 1-24, August.
    18. Adisa Hammed Akinsoji & Bashir Adelodun & Qudus Adeyi & Rahmon Abiodun Salau & Golden Odey & Kyung Sook Choi, 2025. "Prediction of spatial-temporal flood water level in agricultural fields using advanced machine learning and deep learning approaches," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 121(7), pages 7915-7940, April.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:121:y:2025:i:7:d:10.1007_s11069-025-07121-6. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.