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Formation and evolution characteristics of dam breach and tailings flow from dam failure: an experimental study

Author

Listed:
  • Sen Tian

    (Chongqing University
    The University of Queensland)

  • Xuanyan Dai

    (Chongqing University)

  • Guangjin Wang

    (Kunming University of Science and Technology)

  • Yiyu Lu

    (Chongqing University)

  • Jie Chen

    (Chongqing University)

Abstract

The safety of tailings impoundments has long been a concern of academic researchers globally. The tailings dam breaks are extremely likely to induce secondary disasters such as mudflows, landslides and water and soil pollution, thus further aggravating the risk of accidents. On the basis of practical engineering, this study performed a dam-break physical model experiment and theoretical analysis to examine tailings dam overtopping and dam body collapse processes. It also discussed the leaked tailings flow evolution characteristics after dam failure, based on important parameters such as the dam-breach variation rules after dam break, flow velocity of the leaked tailings flow, particle deposition characteristics and submerged depth. Our research discovered that dam-breach development was mainly constituted by water current erosion-induced longitudinal downcutting and dam-breach slope instability-caused horizontal expansion. A large sand inrush amount resulted in a high downstream flow rate and large sediment depth after dam failure. In addition, when the sampling site was > 100 cm (model scale) away from the dam site, the discharged tailings flow size grading phenomenon was obvious during dam breach, and the particle size gradually decreased with increasing distance between the sampling characteristic sites and dam site.

Suggested Citation

  • Sen Tian & Xuanyan Dai & Guangjin Wang & Yiyu Lu & Jie Chen, 2021. "Formation and evolution characteristics of dam breach and tailings flow from dam failure: an experimental study," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 107(2), pages 1621-1638, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:107:y:2021:i:2:d:10.1007_s11069-021-04649-1
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-021-04649-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhao Wang & Lijian Qi & Xuzhao Wang, 2012. "A prototype experiment of debris flow control with energy dissipation structures," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 60(3), pages 971-989, February.
    2. Mohsin Butt & Muhammad Umar & Raheel Qamar, 2013. "Landslide dam and subsequent dam-break flood estimation using HEC-RAS model in Northern Pakistan," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 65(1), pages 241-254, January.
    3. Olayinka Azeez & Amro Elfeki & Ahmed Samy Kamis & Anis Chaabani, 2020. "Dam break analysis and flood disaster simulation in arid urban environment: the Um Al-Khair dam case study, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 100(3), pages 995-1011, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ziwei Chen & Chengyu Xie & Guanpeng Xiong & Jinbo Shen & Baolin Yang, 2023. "Using the Morgenstern–Price Method and Cloud Theory to Invert the Shear Strength Index of Tailings Dams and Reveal the Coupling Deformation and Failure Law under Extreme Rainfall," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-24, March.

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