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Dam break analysis and flood disaster simulation in arid urban environment: the Um Al-Khair dam case study, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Author

Listed:
  • Olayinka Azeez

    (King Abdulaziz University)

  • Amro Elfeki

    (King Abdulaziz University)

  • Ahmed Samy Kamis

    (King Abdulaziz University)

  • Anis Chaabani

    (King Abdulaziz University)

Abstract

This study used a simulation methodology for dam break analysis and flood simulation in an urbanized arid region, namely Um Al-Khair dam in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The analysis was performed using the 2011 rainfall storm of 111 mm and 281 min duration. The results show that the rainfall depth corresponds to a return period between 50 and 100 years. The hydrograph resulting from this storm was estimated using a rainfall–runoff model. The hydrograph was found to fall in between 100- and 200-years return period. This confirms that it is not necessarily to have the same return period for both rainfall and its corresponding flood due to the nonlinearity of the rainfall–runoff process. The dam breach parameters and the inflow hydrograph were used to model the flood propagation due to Um Al-Khair dam breach using HEC-RAS-2D software. A comparison between the modeled and observed water depths showed a relatively reasonable correlation coefficient of 0.57 and the RMSE of the water depth is 0.45 m, which are acceptable in such studies under the scarcity of accurate field measurements.

Suggested Citation

  • Olayinka Azeez & Amro Elfeki & Ahmed Samy Kamis & Anis Chaabani, 2020. "Dam break analysis and flood disaster simulation in arid urban environment: the Um Al-Khair dam case study, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 100(3), pages 995-1011, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:100:y:2020:i:3:d:10.1007_s11069-019-03836-5
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-019-03836-5
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Amro Elfeki & Milad Masoud & Burhan Niyazi, 2017. "Integrated rainfall–runoff and flood inundation modeling for flash flood risk assessment under data scarcity in arid regions: Wadi Fatimah basin case study, Saudi Arabia," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 85(1), pages 87-109, January.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Mohamed Hafedh Hamza & Afnan Mohammed Saegh, 2023. "Flash Flood Risk Assessment Due to a Possible Dam Break in Urban Arid Environment, the New Um Al-Khair Dam Case Study, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-22, January.
    2. Hasan Ogulcan Marangoz & Tugce Anilan, 2022. "Two-dimensional modeling of flood wave propagation in residential areas after a dam break with application of diffusive and dynamic wave approaches," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 110(1), pages 429-449, January.
    3. Omnia El-Saadawy & Ahmed Gaber & Abdullah Othman & Abotalib Z. Abotalib & Mohammed El Bastawesy & Mohamed Attwa, 2020. "Modeling Flash Floods and Induced Recharge into Alluvial Aquifers Using Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing and Electrical Resistivity Imaging," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-20, December.
    4. Taesam Lee & Kiyoung Seong & Seung Oh Lee & Hyung Ju Yoo, 2022. "Safety First? Lessons from the Hapcheon Dam Flood in 2020," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-22, March.
    5. Sen Tian & Xuanyan Dai & Guangjin Wang & Yiyu Lu & Jie Chen, 2021. "Formation and evolution characteristics of dam breach and tailings flow from dam failure: an experimental study," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 107(2), pages 1621-1638, June.

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