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Empirical assessment of rockfall and debris flow risk along the Karakoram Highway, Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Sajid Ali

    (RWTH Aachen University
    COMSATS University Islamabad)

  • Rashid Haider

    (Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
    Geological Survey of Pakistan)

  • Wahid Abbas

    (RWTH Aachen University
    COMSATS University Islamabad)

  • Muhammad Basharat

    (University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir)

  • Klaus Reicherter

    (RWTH Aachen University)

Abstract

The Karakoram Highway links north Pakistan with southwest China. It passes through unique geomorphological, geological and tectonic setting. This study focused 200-km-long section of the highway starting from Besham until Chilas. Landslides are frequent and are mostly triggered by torrential rain during Monsoon and Westerlies, leading to highway blockade. Rockfall and debris flow are prime mode of slope failures. Regional to site-specific approach was implemented to assess risk associated with these two modes. Remote sensing-based techniques were used to identify potential hazardous sites, which were further investigated for risk assessment. Modified Pierson’s rockfall hazard rating system (RHRS) rated potential rockfalls, whereas semi-quantitative technique was employed to assess debris flows. Normalized scores of each site shaped the final map, further classified into four zones: very high, high, intermediate and low risk.

Suggested Citation

  • Sajid Ali & Rashid Haider & Wahid Abbas & Muhammad Basharat & Klaus Reicherter, 2021. "Empirical assessment of rockfall and debris flow risk along the Karakoram Highway, Pakistan," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 106(3), pages 2437-2460, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:106:y:2021:i:3:d:10.1007_s11069-021-04549-4
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-021-04549-4
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Jian Huang & Xiang Huang & Tristram C. Hales & Nengpan Ju & Zicheng He, 2025. "Volume estimation for high-locality fragmented rockfall using UAV-based photogrammetry," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 121(6), pages 7347-7364, April.
    3. Yao Shunyu & Nazir Ahmed Bazai & Tang Jinbo & Jiang Hu & Yi Shujian & Zou Qiang & Tashfain Ahmed & Guo Jian, 2022. "Dynamic process of a typical slope debris flow: a case study of the wujia gully, Zengda, Sichuan Province, China," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 112(1), pages 565-586, May.

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