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Dynamic Process Modeling and Innovative Tertiary Warning Strategy for Weir-Outburst Debris Flows in Huocheng County, China

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  • Xiaomin Dai

    (School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
    Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Green Construction and Maintenance of Transportation Infrastructure and Intelligent Traffic Control, Urumqi 830017, China)

  • Xinjun Song

    (School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China)

  • Zehao Zhang

    (School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China)

  • Dongchen Han

    (School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China)

  • Fukai Sun

    (School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China)

  • Mayibaier Maihamuti

    (School of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China)

  • Yunxia Ma

    (School of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China)

Abstract

In China, weir-gully-type debris flows pose severe threats to transportation infrastructure, yet existing studies lack systematic analysis of their dynamic processes and early-warning strategies. This study innovatively integrates depth-integral modeling and field monitoring to investigate two unstable weirs upstream of the Zangyinggou Tunnel on the G30 Saiguo Expressway. The main research conclusions are as follows: (1) the influence of terrain and water source conditions on the weir-valley debris flow plays a dominant role; (2) the debris flows triggered by Weir I and II collapses reach the G30 Saiguo Expressway at 3560 s and 4000 s, respectively, with peak destructive capacities (cross-sectional sweep areas of 10.26 m 2 /s and 11.69 m 2 /s); (3) a three-level early-warning strategy was proposed, mainly based on water-level gauge monitoring and early warning, supplemented by video surveillance and regular measurement by small unmanned aerial vehicles. This study has established a brand-new idea for the monitoring and early warning of debris flow disasters induced by the collapse of barrier lakes along the G30 km line in Xinjiang. These achievements provide feasible insights for disaster reduction in mountainous transportation corridors, thus having significant practical value for promoting the sustainable development of infrastructure under the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Suggested Citation

  • Xiaomin Dai & Xinjun Song & Zehao Zhang & Dongchen Han & Fukai Sun & Mayibaier Maihamuti & Yunxia Ma, 2025. "Dynamic Process Modeling and Innovative Tertiary Warning Strategy for Weir-Outburst Debris Flows in Huocheng County, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-23, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:17:p:7694-:d:1733265
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Seyed Poorya Mirfallah Lialestani & David Parcerisa & Mahjoub Himi & Abbas Abbaszadeh Shahri, 2022. "Generating 3D Geothermal Maps in Catalonia, Spain Using a Hybrid Adaptive Multitask Deep Learning Procedure," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-16, June.
    2. Xiaomin Dai & Qihang Liu & Ziang Liu & Xincheng Wu, 2025. "Hazard Assessment of Highway Debris Flows in High-Altitude Mountainous Areas: A Case Study of the Laqi Gully on the China–Pakistan Highway," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-22, July.
    3. Sajid Ali & Rashid Haider & Wahid Abbas & Muhammad Basharat & Klaus Reicherter, 2021. "Empirical assessment of rockfall and debris flow risk along the Karakoram Highway, Pakistan," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 106(3), pages 2437-2460, April.
    4. Yan Du & Hui Liu & Heng Li & Mowen Xie & Santos D. Chicas & Jidong Wu & Fuxia Lv & Yaxin Wu, 2024. "Exploring the initiating mechanism, monitoring equipment and warning indicators of gully-type debris flow for disaster reduction: a review," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 120(15), pages 13667-13692, December.
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    JEL classification:

    • G30 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - General

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