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Longitudinal Effect of Gratitude on Prosocial Behavior among Young Adults: Evidence from the Bi-factor Model of Gratitude

Author

Listed:
  • Ningzhe Zhu

    (Shaanxi Normal University)

  • Chengcheng Li

    (Shaanxi Normal University)

  • Ying Ye

    (Shaanxi Normal University)

  • Linting Zhang

    (Shaanxi Normal University)

  • Feng Kong

    (Shaanxi Normal University)

Abstract

Prior research has revealed the relationship between gratitude and prosocial behavior, but less is known about the predictive effects of cognitive and affective aspects of gratitude on prosocial behavior. The objective of this study was to explore the cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of affective gratitude and cognitive gratitude on prosocial behavior applying the bi-factor model. Study 1 employed a cross-sectional approach including measurements of affective gratitude, cognitive gratitude and prosocial behavior in a sample of 329 participants (294 females, Mage = 20.02, SDage = 2.38) and revealed that general gratitude but not affective gratitude or cognitive gratitude positively predicted prosocial behavior even after controlling for relevant demographic variables. In study 2, a total of 237 college students (213 females, Mage = 20.43, SDage = 2.12) participated in a two-wave longitudinal study and the results showed the same pattern that only general gratitude, neither affective gratitude nor cognitive gratitude, independently predicted subsequent prosocial behavior over 6 months. These findings provide preliminary evidence for the link between the bi-factor structure of gratitude and prosocial behavior, highlight the essential role of overall tendency to experience gratitude in predicting prosocial behavior, and offer new perspectives in promoting prosocial behavior via gratitude interventions.

Suggested Citation

  • Ningzhe Zhu & Chengcheng Li & Ying Ye & Linting Zhang & Feng Kong, 2024. "Longitudinal Effect of Gratitude on Prosocial Behavior among Young Adults: Evidence from the Bi-factor Model of Gratitude," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 25(1), pages 1-15, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:jhappi:v:25:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1007_s10902-024-00731-0
    DOI: 10.1007/s10902-024-00731-0
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lin, Yue & Liu, Qinxue, 2020. "Perceived subjective social status and smartphone addiction tendency among Chinese adolescents: A sequential mediation model," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
    2. Izabela Krejtz & John Nezlek & Anna Michnicka & Paweł Holas & Marzena Rusanowska, 2016. "Counting One’s Blessings Can Reduce the Impact of Daily Stress," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 17(1), pages 25-39, February.
    3. Yoshie Matsumoto & Toshio Yamagishi & Yang Li & Toko Kiyonari, 2016. "Prosocial Behavior Increases with Age across Five Economic Games," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(7), pages 1-16, July.
    4. Ernst T. Bohlmeijer & Jannis T. Kraiss & Philip Watkins & Marijke Schotanus-Dijkstra, 2021. "Promoting Gratitude as a Resource for Sustainable Mental Health: Results of a 3-Armed Randomized Controlled Trial up to 6 Months Follow-up," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 22(3), pages 1011-1032, March.
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