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Biofuelling the energy transition in Nordic countries: explaining overachievement of EU renewable transport obligations

Author

Listed:
  • Jon Birger Skjærseth

    (The Fridtjof Nansens Institute)

  • Per Ove Eikeland

    (The Fridtjof Nansens Institute)

  • Tor Håkon Inderberg

    (The Fridtjof Nansens Institute)

Abstract

Following the 2009 EU Renewable Energy Directive, Finland, Norway and Sweden have overachieved their 10% renewable transport fuel obligations by 2020, mainly by increasing biofuel consumption. This seems puzzling from explanatory perspectives focused on EU adaptation pressure and changes in domestic politics. These perspectives can partly explain implementation, but the policy context—actual and potential biofuel industry development and ‘green growth’ opportunities—appears central for explaining overachievement of EU obligations. Moreover, the composition and explanatory power of the three perspectives differ. In Norway, the combination of EU adaptation pressure, changes in domestic politics and potential industry development promoted overachievement; by contrast, actual industry development and supportive domestic politics, as well as new opportunities from EU policies, proved more important in Sweden and Finland. These findings speak to the literature on EU implementation, energy policies and leadership.

Suggested Citation

  • Jon Birger Skjærseth & Per Ove Eikeland & Tor Håkon Inderberg, 2022. "Biofuelling the energy transition in Nordic countries: explaining overachievement of EU renewable transport obligations," International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 22(4), pages 825-842, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:ieaple:v:22:y:2022:i:4:d:10.1007_s10784-022-09587-2
    DOI: 10.1007/s10784-022-09587-2
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Åhman, Max & Skjærseth, Jon Birger & Eikeland, Per Ove, 2018. "Demonstrating climate mitigation technologies: An early assessment of the NER 300 programme," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 100-107.
    2. Treib, Oliver, . "Implementing and complying with EU governance outputs," Living Reviews in European Governance (LREG), Institute for European integration research (EIF).
    3. Atle Midttun & Knut Myrum Næss & Proadpran Boonprasurd Piccini, 2019. "Biofuel Policy and Industrial Transition—A Nordic Perspective," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-19, July.
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