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A review on constructed wetlands for environmental and emerging contaminants removal from wastewater: traditional and recent developments

Author

Listed:
  • Monali Muduli

    (CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G.B. Marg
    Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR))

  • Meena Choudharya

    (CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G.B. Marg
    Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR))

  • Sanak Ray

    (CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G.B. Marg
    Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR))

Abstract

The water crisis is a global problem. According to estimates, at least one month of significant water scarcity impacts four billion people, or over two-thirds of the world's population, each year. Thus, the world is looking for sustainable technology to maintain water pollution eradication, wastewater management, and water security. Constructed wetlands (CWs) are the sustainable systems that have demonstrated the potential to remediate several types of wastewater. This review paper covers the details of the constructed wetlands like components, types, design, factors that affect the performance of the CW, life cycle assessment of the CW, circular economy generation, total expenditure, and removal efficiency for various wastewaters. This paper has also discussed the kinetics of the pollutants removal and model used for designing the constructed wetlands, along with newly evolved constructed wetlands. However, the overall performance of all types of CW is remarkable. But the version of the hybrid CW is incredible. It maintains suitability regarding energy consumption, pocket-friendliness, and scalability in every aspect and is applied to various types of wastewaters. The remaining newly engineered CWs are on the way to their progression and acceptance socially, economically, and environmentally. The new generation of constructed wetland technologies is emerging to expand on the achievements of previous (traditional) wetland technologies. They aim to fulfill present market needs or open new market niches.

Suggested Citation

  • Monali Muduli & Meena Choudharya & Sanak Ray, 2024. "A review on constructed wetlands for environmental and emerging contaminants removal from wastewater: traditional and recent developments," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 26(12), pages 30181-30220, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:endesu:v:26:y:2024:i:12:d:10.1007_s10668-023-04190-0
    DOI: 10.1007/s10668-023-04190-0
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jan Vymazal, 2022. "The Historical Development of Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-29, January.
    2. Avellán, Tamara & Gremillion, Paul, 2019. "Constructed wetlands for resource recovery in developing countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 42-57.
    3. Fazila Younas & Irshad Bibi & Muhammad Afzal & Nabeel Khan Niazi & Zubair Aslam, 2022. "Elucidating the Potential of Vertical Flow-Constructed Wetlands Vegetated with Different Wetland Plant Species for the Remediation of Chromium-Contaminated Water," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-18, April.
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    5. Md Ekhlasur Rahman & Mohd Izuan Effendi Bin Halmi & Mohd Yusoff Bin Abd Samad & Md Kamal Uddin & Khairil Mahmud & Mohd Yunus Abd Shukor & Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah & S M Shamsuzzaman, 2020. "Design, Operation and Optimization of Constructed Wetland for Removal of Pollutant," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-40, November.
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