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Unveiling responses of plant performance and vegetation cover to shifting snow regimes: a meta-analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Cai Yihan

    (Hokkaido University)

  • Pamela H. Templer

    (Boston University)

  • Kobayashi Makoto

    (Hokkaido University)

Abstract

Snow cover is a critical factor controlling plant performance, such as survival, growth, and biomass, and vegetation cover in regions with seasonal snow (e.g., high-latitude and high-elevation regions), due to its influence on the timing and length of the growing season, insulation effect during winter, and biotic and abiotic environmental factors. Therefore, changes in snow cover driven by rising temperatures and shifting precipitation patterns are expected to alter plant performance and vegetation cover. Despite the rapid increase in research on this topic in recent decades, there is still a lack of studies that quantitatively elucidate how plant performance and vegetation cover respond to shifting snow cover across snowy regions. Additionally, no comprehensive study has yet quantitatively examined these responses across regions, ecosystems, and plant functional types. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis synthesizing data from 54 snow cover manipulation studies conducted in both the field and laboratory across snowy regions to detect how plants performance and vegetation cover respond to decreased or increased snow cover. Our results demonstrate that plant survival, aboveground biomass, and belowground biomass exhibited significant decreases in response to decreased snow cover, with rates of survival having the greatest decrease. In response to increased snow cover, plant survival, growth, biomass and vegetation cover tended to increase, except for plant belowground length growth and biomass, which showed significant decreases. Additionally, our quantitative analysis of plant responses to changes in snow cover across regions, ecosystems, and plant functional types revealed that cold regions with thin snow cover, tundra and forest ecosystems, and woody species are particularly vulnerable to snow cover reduction. Overall, this study demonstrates the strong controls that snow cover exerts on plant performance, providing insights into the dynamics of snow-covered ecosystems under changing winter climatic conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Cai Yihan & Pamela H. Templer & Kobayashi Makoto, 2025. "Unveiling responses of plant performance and vegetation cover to shifting snow regimes: a meta-analysis," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 178(6), pages 1-18, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:climat:v:178:y:2025:i:6:d:10.1007_s10584-025-03955-y
    DOI: 10.1007/s10584-025-03955-y
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