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MIMIC models, formative indicators and the joys of research

Author

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  • Adamantios Diamantopoulos

    (University of Vienna)

  • Dirk Temme

    (University of Wuppertal)

Abstract

The use of MIMIC models in formative measurement is revisited in light of recent criticism concerning their validity. Specifically, the conventional MIMIC model is compared to alternative specifications recently suggested in the literature and issues relating to replacing formative latent variables with composites, predefining rather than estimating indicator weights, and aggregating indicators into single scores are discussed. Based on this analysis, concrete guidelines are provided to researchers on how to employ MIMIC models with formative indicators in their research endeavors.

Suggested Citation

  • Adamantios Diamantopoulos & Dirk Temme, 2013. "MIMIC models, formative indicators and the joys of research," AMS Review, Springer;Academy of Marketing Science, vol. 3(3), pages 160-170, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:amsrev:v:3:y:2013:i:3:d:10.1007_s13162-013-0050-0
    DOI: 10.1007/s13162-013-0050-0
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nick Lee & John W. Cadogan & Laura Chamberlain, 2013. "The MIMIC model and formative variables: problems and solutions," AMS Review, Springer;Academy of Marketing Science, vol. 3(1), pages 3-17, March.
    2. Adamantios Diamantopoulos & Nicolas Papadopoulos, 2010. "Assessing the cross-national invariance of formative measures: Guidelines for international business researchers," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 41(2), pages 360-370, February.
    3. John W. Cadogan & Nick Lee & Laura Chamberlain, 2013. "Formative variables are unreal variables: why the formative MIMIC model is invalid," AMS Review, Springer;Academy of Marketing Science, vol. 3(1), pages 38-49, March.
    4. Roy D. Howell, 2013. "Conceptual clarity in measurement—Constructs, composites, and causes: a commentary on Lee, Cadogan and Chamberlain," AMS Review, Springer;Academy of Marketing Science, vol. 3(1), pages 18-23, March.
    5. Cadogan, John W. & Lee, Nick, 2013. "Improper use of endogenous formative variables," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 66(2), pages 233-241.
    6. Diamantopoulos, Adamantios & Riefler, Petra & Roth, Katharina P., 2008. "Advancing formative measurement models," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 61(12), pages 1203-1218, December.
    7. Edward E. Rigdon, 2013. "Lee, Cadogan, and Chamberlain: an excellent point . . . But what about that iceberg?," AMS Review, Springer;Academy of Marketing Science, vol. 3(1), pages 24-29, March.
    8. Diamantopoulos, A., 2002. "Research on Forecasting," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 18(3), pages 479-480.
    9. Jarvis, Cheryl Burke & MacKenzie, Scott B & Podsakoff, Philip M, 2003. "A Critical Review of Construct Indicators and Measurement Model Misspecification in Marketing and Consumer Research," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 30(2), pages 199-218, September.
    10. Adamantios Diamantopoulos, 2013. "MIMIC models and formative measurement: some thoughts on Lee, Cadogan & Chamberlain," AMS Review, Springer;Academy of Marketing Science, vol. 3(1), pages 30-37, March.
    11. Cadogan, John W. & Souchon, Anne L. & Procter, David B., 2008. "The quality of market-oriented behaviors: Formative index construction," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 61(12), pages 1263-1277, December.
    12. Lee, Nick & Cadogan, John W., 2013. "Problems with formative and higher-order reflective variables," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 66(2), pages 242-247.
    13. Franke, George R. & Preacher, Kristopher J. & Rigdon, Edward E., 2008. "Proportional structural effects of formative indicators," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 61(12), pages 1229-1237, December.
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