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Рождаемость в реальных поколениях российских женщин: тенденции и региональные различия // Fertility in Real Generations of Russian Women: Trends and Regional Differences

Author

Listed:
  • V. Arkhangelskiy N.

    (Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow)

  • В. Архангельский Н.

    (МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова, Москва)

Abstract

The subject of the research is fertility trends in real generations of women in Russia. The relevance of the research stems from the fact that the majority of works devoted to the analysis of the fertility trends and the possible impact of demographic policies thereon in Russia are based on the use of calendar birth rates (total, special, age, total coefficient, etc.) subject to timing fluctuations, e.g. earlier childbirth due to favorable circumstances. The influence of this factor can be bypassed by using birth rates for real generations. The purpose of the paper was to analyze the dynamics of generational changes in birth rates and their regional differences. The results of the analysis showed that after a significant reduction in the average number of children born in the generations of women of the 1960s — early 1970s, the value slightly increased for women of the mid- and late 1970s. and would probably be somewhat higher for women born in the 1980s. The proportion of women who gave birth to at least one child is decreasing hampering the increase in the average number of children born in real generations. On the contrary, an increase in the proportion of women who gave birth to the second and third child contributes to this increase. While the share of those who gave birth to the second child among women who gave birth to the first child in the generations of the late 1970s, despite a significant increase, is lower than among women of the mid‑1950s, the proportion of those who gave birth to the third child among women who gave birth to the second child, is higher than in older generations. The increase in the proportion of women in the generations of the late 1970s who gave birth to the second and third children is to some extent due to more active measures for supporting families with children that are largely focused on supporting second and subsequent births of children. If the implementation of measures for supporting families with children in the 1980s helped to smooth out the difference in the average age of the mother who gave birth to the second and first child from 4.53 years in the generation of women born in 1950 up to 3.31 years in the generation of 1963, then in younger women the difference tended to increase and now it is the maximum for women of 1975. (5.91 years). It is concluded that the policy of encouraging child bearing needs to be continued. Предмет исследования — тенденции рождаемости в реальных поколениях женщин в России. Актуальность этой работы обусловлена тем, что большинство работ, посвященных анализу динамики рождаемости в нашей стране, возможного влияния на нее мер демографической политики, основаны на использовании календарных показателей рождаемости (общий, специальный, возрастные, суммарный коэффициент и др.), которые подвержены влиянию возможных тайминговых колебаний, т.е. более раннего рождения детей в связи со складывающимися благоприятными для этого обстоятельствами. Избежать влияния этого фактора помогает использование показателей рождаемости для реальных поколений. Цель статьи — анализ динамики поколенческих изменений показателей рождаемости и их региональных различий. Результаты анализа показали, что после существенного снижения среднего числа рожденных детей в поколениях женщин 1960-х — начала 1970-х гг. его величина несколько повышается у женщин середины и конца 1970-х гг. р. и, вероятно, будет еще несколько выше у женщин, родившихся в 1980-е гг. Противодействует повышению среднего числа рожденных детей в реальных поколениях снижение доли женщин, родивших хотя бы одного ребенка. Наоборот, способствует этому повышению увеличение доли женщин, родивших второго и третьего ребенка. Если доля родивших второго ребенка среди женщин, родивших первого ребенка в поколениях конца 1970-х гг. р., несмотря на существенное повышение, ниже, чем у женщин середины 1950-х гг. р., то доля родивших третьего ребенка среди женщин, родивших второго ребенка, у них выше, чем в более старших поколениях. Увеличение доли родивших второго и третьего ребенка в поколениях женщин конца 1970-х гг. р., вероятно, отчасти обусловлено активизацией мер помощи семьям с детьми, в значительной степени ориентированных на поддержку вторых и последующих рождений детей. Если реализация мер поддержки семей с детьми в 1980-е гг. способствовала сокращению разницы в среднем возрасте матери при рождении второго и первого ребенка с 4,53 года в поколении женщин 1950 г.р. до 3,31 года в поколении 1963 г.р., то у более молодых женщин она возрастала и максимальная сейчас у женщин 1975 г.р. (5,91 года). Делается вывод о необходимости продолжения политики поощрения рождения детей.

Suggested Citation

  • V. Arkhangelskiy N. & В. Архангельский Н., 2019. "Рождаемость в реальных поколениях российских женщин: тенденции и региональные различия // Fertility in Real Generations of Russian Women: Trends and Regional Differences," Экономика. Налоги. Право // Economics, taxes & law, ФГОБУ "Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации" // Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation, vol. 12(2), pages 59-69.
  • Handle: RePEc:scn:econom:y:2019:i:2:p:59-69
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tomas Frejka & Sergei Zakharov, 2012. "Comprehensive analyses of fertility trends in the Russian Federation during the past half century," MPIDR Working Papers WP-2012-027, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.
    2. Tomas Frejka & Sergei Zakharov, 2013. "The Apparent Failure of Russia's Pronatalist Family Policies," Population and Development Review, The Population Council, Inc., vol. 39(4), pages 635-647, December.
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