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Uphill Battle: Forest Rights and Restoration on Podu Landscapes in Keonjhar, Odisha

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  • Laura M. Valencia

Abstract

In response to the global climate emergency and biodiversity loss, environmental advocates promote ecological restoration of millions of hectares of the world’s degraded forest lands. Lands of high value to restoration are home to nearly 300 million people, including 12% of low- and middle-income country populations. In this article, I respond to calls for greater empirical investigation into the social impacts of forest landscape restoration. Through spatial and ethnographic analysis of forest restoration in Keonjhar, Odisha (India), I show that state-led afforestation efforts contradict a decade of forest tenure reform which sought to decentralize and decolonize forest governance. I explore how state-led efforts ignore (and inhibit) the continued protagonism of forest-dwelling communities in forest regeneration on their customary lands. Weaving accounts from 1992 onwards across six villages and 22 plantations, I characterize state strategies as an ‘uphill battle’: by systematically selecting shifting cultivation (podu) uplands for enclosure and tree plantation, forest agencies contribute to a lose-lose situation where neither forest restoration nor forest rights are realized. Investigating this process from colonial forest policy to the present, I leverage a critical political ecology perspective that supports calls for rights-based restoration.

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  • Laura M. Valencia, 2021. "Uphill Battle: Forest Rights and Restoration on Podu Landscapes in Keonjhar, Odisha," Journal of South Asian Development, , vol. 16(3), pages 342-366, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:soudev:v:16:y:2021:i:3:p:342-366
    DOI: 10.1177/09731741211057333
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    1. Simon L. Lewis & Charlotte E. Wheeler & Edward T. A. Mitchard & Alexander Koch, 2019. "Restoring natural forests is the best way to remove atmospheric carbon," Nature, Nature, vol. 568(7750), pages 25-28, April.
    2. Rana, Pushpendra & Miller, Daniel C., 2021. "Predicting the long-term social and ecological impacts of tree-planting programs: Evidence from northern India," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    3. Stephen T. Garnett & Neil D. Burgess & Julia E. Fa & Álvaro Fernández-Llamazares & Zsolt Molnár & Cathy J. Robinson & James E. M. Watson & Kerstin K. Zander & Beau Austin & Eduardo S. Brondizio & Neil, 2018. "A spatial overview of the global importance of Indigenous lands for conservation," Nature Sustainability, Nature, vol. 1(7), pages 369-374, July.
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    5. Johan A. Oldekop & Katharine R. E. Sims & Birendra K. Karna & Mark J. Whittingham & Arun Agrawal, 2019. "Reductions in deforestation and poverty from decentralized forest management in Nepal," Nature Sustainability, Nature, vol. 2(5), pages 421-428, May.
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    1. Yuge Wang & Apurbo Sarkar & Min Li & Zehui Chen & Ahmed Khairul Hasan & Quanxing Meng & Md. Shakhawat Hossain & Md. Ashfikur Rahman, 2022. "Evaluating the Impact of Forest Tenure Reform on Farmers’ Investment in Public Welfare Forest Areas: A Case Study of Gansu Province, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-17, May.

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