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Attachment as a Moderating Factor Between Social Support, Physical Health, and Psychological Symptoms

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Listed:
  • Kimberly A. Rapoza
  • Kemesha Vassell
  • Denise T. Wilson
  • Thomas W. Robertson
  • Dana J. Manzella
  • Alberto Luis Ortiz-Garcia
  • Lorielle A. Jimenez-Lazar

Abstract

This study investigated the extent to which perceived social support functioned as a protective factors, and dimensions of insecure attachment (i.e., avoidant and anxious) functioned as risks factors for physical and psychological health. We explored whether insecure attachment was a mechanism that modified the relationship (i.e., protect against or increases risk) between social support and adult health. Participants were 155 non-traditional adult college students from demographically diverse backgrounds. Students were approached in common areas on campus or in classrooms during break and were asked to complete the questionnaire. Bartholomew and Horowitz’s Attachment Questionnaire assessed avoidant and anxious attachment dimensions, the Brief Social Support Questionnaire assessed perceived social support, and the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale measured physical and psychological symptoms. Model results indicated that the anxious dimension of insecure attachment was more directly and positively associated with poorer general physical health and psychological symptoms, whereas greater perceived social support was linked with better reported health. However, an interesting pattern emerged with avoidant attachment through a moderated relationship with social support. The absence of a satisfying supportive network was significantly related to poorer physical and psychological health outcomes for those low in avoidant attachment, but not for those high in avoidant attachment. Results from this work suggest that insecure attachment plays a detrimental role in adult health. Perceived social support does not necessarily function as a blanket protective factor for health, as it seemed to offer less benefit to those high in attachment avoidance.

Suggested Citation

  • Kimberly A. Rapoza & Kemesha Vassell & Denise T. Wilson & Thomas W. Robertson & Dana J. Manzella & Alberto Luis Ortiz-Garcia & Lorielle A. Jimenez-Lazar, 2016. "Attachment as a Moderating Factor Between Social Support, Physical Health, and Psychological Symptoms," SAGE Open, , vol. 6(4), pages 21582440166, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:sagope:v:6:y:2016:i:4:p:2158244016682818
    DOI: 10.1177/2158244016682818
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. White, A.M. & Philogene, G.S. & Fine, L. & Sinha, S., 2009. "Social support and self-reported health status of older adults in the United States," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 99(10), pages 1872-1878.
    2. Anna Hansson & Pernilla HilleråS & Yvonne Forsell, 2005. "What Kind of Self-Care Strategies Do People Report Using and is There an Association with Well-Being?," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 73(1), pages 133-139, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Paulo Moreira & Susana Pedras & Márcia Silva & Maria Moreira & Joana Oliveira, 2021. "Personality, Attachment, and Well-Being in Adolescents: The Independent Effect of Attachment After Controlling for Personality," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 22(4), pages 1855-1888, April.

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