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Why Tax Effort Falls Short of Tax Capacity in Indian States

Author

Listed:
  • Sandhya Garg
  • Ashima Goyal
  • Rupayan Pal

Abstract

This article attempts to measure tax capacity and tax effort of fourteen major Indian states from 1991–1992 to 2010–2011 using stochastic frontier analysis. It shows that the variation across states in tax effort is wide and increasing over time. While per capita gross state domestic product, literacy rate, and labor force participation have positive association with tax capacity, a greater share of agriculture has negative association. Furthermore, intergovernmental transfers, given tax capacity, have negative association with tax effort of states. Expenditure on debt repayment is also adversely associated with tax effort but to a lower extent than outstanding liabilities. Enactment of Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act is associated with improvement in states’ tax effort. Both within-state political competition and governance indicators have positive association on tax effort.

Suggested Citation

  • Sandhya Garg & Ashima Goyal & Rupayan Pal, 2017. "Why Tax Effort Falls Short of Tax Capacity in Indian States," Public Finance Review, , vol. 45(2), pages 232-259, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:pubfin:v:45:y:2017:i:2:p:232-259
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    Cited by:

    1. Danuse Nerudova & Marian Dobranschi, 2019. "Alternative method to measure the VAT gap in the EU: Stochastic tax frontier model approach," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(1), pages 1-38, January.
    2. Basil Dalamagas & Panagiotis Palaios & Stefanos Tantos, 2019. "A New Approach to Measuring Tax Effort," Economies, MDPI, vol. 7(3), pages 1-25, August.
    3. repec:cuf:journl:y:2017:v:18:i:1:valles-gimenez is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Manuel E. Lago & Santiago Lago-Peñas & Jorge Martinez-Vazquez, 2024. "On the effects of intergovernmental grants: a survey," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 31(3), pages 856-908, June.
    5. Jaime Valles-Gimenez & Anabel Zarate-Marco, 2017. "Tax Effort of Local Governments and its Determinants: The Spanish Case," Annals of Economics and Finance, Society for AEF, vol. 18(2), pages 323-348, November.
    6. Boukbech, Rachid & Bousselhamia, Ahmed & Ezzahid, Elhadj, 2018. "Determinants of tax revenues: Evidence from a sample of Lower Middle Income countries," MPRA Paper 90268, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Junxue Jia & Siying Ding & Yongzheng Liu, 2018. "Decentralization, Incentives, and Tax Enforcement," International Center for Public Policy Working Paper Series, at AYSPS, GSU paper1819, International Center for Public Policy, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University.
    8. Djedje Hermann Yohou, 2020. "Corruption, Tax reform and Fiscal space in Emerging and Developing Economies," Working Papers hal-02987268, HAL.
    9. Ram Pratap Sinha, 2021. "Indebtedness, Fiscal Discipline and Development Spending – A Non-parametric Approach," Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics, Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics, vol. 13(2), pages 147-173, June.
    10. Longjin Chen, 2021. "Tax enforcement interactions among Chinese provinces: A frontier and spatial analysis," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 52(1), pages 332-348, March.
    11. Jia, Junxue & Ding, Siying & Liu, Yongzheng, 2020. "Decentralization, incentives, and local tax enforcement," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    12. Nayudu, A. Sri Hari, 2019. "Tax Revenue Efficiency of Indian States: The case of Stamp Duty and Registration Fees," Working Papers 19/278, National Institute of Public Finance and Policy.
    13. Zárate Marco, Anabel & Vallés Giménez, Jaime, 2019. "Regional tax effort in Spain," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal (2007-2020), Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel), vol. 13, pages 1-32.
    14. Liu, Feng & Liu, Fengrui & Huang, Jiqiang & Dong, Haoran, 2024. "Aid and national tax capacity: Empirical evidence from Chinese aid," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    15. Avipsa Mohanty & Dinabandhu Sethi & Asit Ranjan Mohanty, 2022. "Does petroleum tax revenue drive sales tax effort of Indian states? A stochastic frontier approach," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(1), pages 1257-1268, January.
    16. Hermann D. Yohou, 2023. "Corruption, tax reform and fiscal space in emerging and developing economies," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 46(4), pages 1082-1118, April.
    17. Basil Dalamagas & John Leventides & Panagiotis Palaios & Stefanos Tantos, 2020. "Revising the conventional tax‐effort principle," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 67(3), pages 272-299, July.
    18. Mukherjee, Sacchidananda, 2019. "Whether States have Capacity to Sustain Projected Growth in GST Collection during the Compensation Period?," Working Papers 19/275, National Institute of Public Finance and Policy.
    19. Avipsa Mohanty & Dinabandhu Sethi & Asit Ranjan Mohanty, 2020. "Central Transfer a Curse or Blessing? Evidence from the Relative Revenue Effort of Indian States," Australian Economic Review, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, vol. 53(2), pages 214-227, June.

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