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Crises et transformations du modèle social-démocrate suédois

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  • Vidal, Jean-François

Abstract

Cet article analyse les causes et les conséquences de la crise du modèle suédois. Il présente d’abord les principales caractéristiques des politiques économiques social-démocrates mises en œuvre entre les années 1930 et les années 1970. Ensuite, les causes possibles des difficultés des années 1970 aux années 1990 sont discutées et hiérarchisées. Nous concluons que la grave crise financière de 1991-1992, qui a suivi la dérégulation du système bancaire a joué un rôle plus important que l’érosion du système de négociations néocorporatistes, que le développement de l’État providence, que l’inadaptation de la spécialisation des exportations. Pour réduire les déficits publics considérables qui ont résulté de la récession, les autorités ont fait des politiques d’austérité sévère, combinant dans des proportions égales des réductions de dépenses et des hausses d’impôts ; mais l’État providence suédois a conservé un poids important. Enfin, le régime de croissance (au sens de l’école de la régulation) suédois s’est transformé rapidement après cette crise. L’expansion a reposé principalement sur l’accroissement des parts de marché à l’exportation et sur les excédents du commerce extérieur (croissance néomercantiliste), dus principalement à la dépréciation de la couronne et à la compression de la demande intérieure, car la spécialisation de la Suède est restée assez traditionnelle.

Suggested Citation

  • Vidal, Jean-François, 2010. "Crises et transformations du modèle social-démocrate suédois," Revue de la Régulation - Capitalisme, institutions, pouvoirs, Association Recherche et Régulation, vol. 8.
  • Handle: RePEc:rvr:journl:2010:8931
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    5. Bruno Amable, 2005. "Les cinq capitalismes. Diversité des systèmes économiques et sociaux dans la mondialisation," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) halshs-00310487, HAL.
    6. Agell, Jonas, 1996. "Why Sweden's Welfare State Needed Reform," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 106(439), pages 1760-1771, November.
    7. Lundberg, Erik, 1985. "The Rise and Fall of the Swedish Model," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 23(1), pages 1-36, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Francis KADENDE, 2017. "Les assureurs mutualistes actifs sur le marché de l’assurance municipale en Europe," CIRIEC Working Papers 1703, CIRIEC - Université de Liège.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    modèle suédois; social-démocratie; Social-democraty; Swedish Model; modelo sueco; social-democracia;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • B52 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - Current Heterodox Approaches - - - Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary; Modern Monetary Theory;
    • O52 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Europe

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