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Finances publiques : les dividendes de la paix ?

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  • Jean-Marc Daniel

Abstract

[fre] Le sommet sovieto-américain de Reykjavik en 1985 a amorcé un processus qui a conduit à la disparition de la Guerre froide. Les autorités françaises, comme celles de la plupart des pays occidentaux, en ont profité pour réduire le budget militaire à un moment où les finances publiques connaissaient des déficits significatifs. La redéfinition du rôle de l'armée, accélérée et justifiée par la nouvelle donne diplomatique issue de la disparition de l'URSS et de celle du communisme en Europe, s'est faite dès le début des années quatre-vingt dix. Elle a rapidement suscité des réserves et des réticences de la part de tout un secteur de l'opinion dans un pays qui a toujours entretenu une armée nombreuse et a développé un secteur militaro-industriel important au point qu'en 1988, dépende de la défense l'activité de 892 000 personnes, soit 3,6 % de la population active. Le but de l'article qui suit est de montrer comment s'est effectué le repli des crédits militaires en le replaçant dans son contexte historique, d'essayer d'évaluer quelles ont été ses conséquences économiques et financières et de voir ce que sera le budget militaire des années qui viennent, années qui seront celles du retrait d'Allemagne, d'une nouvelle pensée stratégique moins axée sur l'arme nucléaire et de la recherche d'une meilleure intégration européenne dans une Union de l'Europe occidentale (UEO) réactivée. [eng] Fiscal policy : the case of defence Jean-Marc Daniel After the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the USSR, western countries decided to reduce their military expenditures. In France, even if the threat of communism dees not exist any longer, the importance of the army in the population and the economy put a brake on this reduction. The French army weighs more than 3 % of GDP, 1 % of total population and buys its weapons from a strong national arms industry which ranks third in the world. A worsening fiscal deficit led the French government to prepare a blueprint of the future army. The armed forces are supposed to be less numerous, less equiped but more efficient in small conflicts. This article looks first at the French army condition before the Berlin wall fell ; then it scans its likely future up to 1997 and the related implications, macroeconomic and sectoral.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Marc Daniel, 1993. "Finances publiques : les dividendes de la paix ?," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 47(1), pages 91-116.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1993_num_47_1_1347
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1993.1347
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1993.1347
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jacques Fontanel & Ron Smith, 1991. "A European Defence Union," Post-Print hal-02970613, HAL.
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