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Le crédit interentreprises bénéficie plus aux grandes entreprises qu'aux PME

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  • Michel Dietsch
  • Élisabeth Kremp

Abstract

[spa] El crédito interempresarial se bénéficia a las grandes empresas antes que a las pymes . Los plazos de pago ponen en obra una fuerte redistribuciôn de fondos entre las empresas, que descansa sobre unos 740 mil millones de francos en 1996. Los flujos netos de crédito interempresarial se dirigen esencialmente hacia las grandes empresas del comercio y del automôvil. En cambio, proceden sobre todo de las pymes repartidas entre un sinnûmero de actividades. Desde principios de los noventa, las grandes empresas han reducido paulatinamente su posiciôn de prestamistas de crédito interempresarial y las muy grandes estân incluso, desde 1995, globalmente en una postura de emprestadores. De hecho, un carga creciente pesa sobre las pymes. . Un anâlisis econométrico que distingue la situaciôn de los "pequenos" y de los "grandes" prestamistas y emprestadores segûn el tamano, permite averiguar en la importancia y la orientaciôn de estas transferencias el papel esencial de las variaciones cfclicas de la actividad, de los obstâculos financieros y de las relaciones de dependencia econômica entre productores y distribuidores. [fre] Le crédit interentreprises bénéficie plus aux grandes entreprises qu'aux PME . Les délais de paiement mettent en œuvre une importante redistribution de fonds entre entreprises, qui porte sur environ 740 milliards de francs en 1996. Les flux nets de crédit interentreprises se dirigent essentiellement vers les grandes entreprises du commerce et de l'automobile. En revanche, ils proviennent surtout des PME dispersées dans un grand nombre d'activités. Depuis le début des années 90, les grandes entreprises ont progressivement réduit leur position de prêteurs de crédit interentreprises et les très grandes sont même, depuis 1995, globalement en position d'emprunteurs. De ce fait, une charge croissante pèse sur les PME. Une analyse économétrique, distinguant la situation des « petits » et des « grands » prêteurs et emprunteurs selon leur taille, permet de vérifier, dans l'importance et l'orientation de ces transferts, le rôle essentiel des variations cycliques de l'activité, des contraintes financières et des rapports de dépendance économique entre producteurs et distributeurs. [ger] Kredite zwischen den Unternehmen nutzen mehr den groBen Unternehmen als den KMU . Durch die Zahlungsfristen kommt es zu einer bedeutenden Umverteilung von Mitteln zwischen den Unternehmen, die sich 1996 auf ca. 740 Milliarden Franc belief. Die Nettokreditstrôme zwischen den Unternehmen flieBen im wesentlichen zu den groBen Handels- und Automobilunternehmen. Dagegen stammen sie hauptsâchlich von den KMU, die ùber eine Vielzahl von Tâtigkeitsbereichen verstreut sind. Seit Anfang der 90er Jahre schrânken die groBen Unternehmen schrittweise ihre Vergabe von Krediten zwischen den Unternehmen ein, und die sehr groBen Unternehmenbefindensichseit1995 global gesehen sogar in der Position von Kreditnehmem; ein Umstand, der die KMU immer mehr belastet. . Anhand einer ôkonometrischen Analyse, bei der entsprechend ihrer GrôBe zwischen «kleinen» und «groBen» Kreditgebern und Kreditnehmem unterschieden wird, kann anhand der Bedeutung und der Ausrichtung dieser Transfers die wesentliche Rolle der zyklischen Schwankungen der Tatigkeit, der finanziellen Zwànge und des wirtschaftlichen Abhângigkeitsverhàltnisses zwischen Herstellem und Distributoren analysiert werden. [eng] Intercompany Credit Benefits Large Companies More Than SMEs . Terms of payment entail a substantial redistribution of funds among firms, involving some 740 billion French francs in 1 996. Net intercompany credit flows gravitate mainly toward large retail distribution and automotive companies. However, they come essentially from SMEs operating in a large number of different activity sectors. Since the early 1990s, large firms have gradually reduced their intercompany credit lending and the largest corporations have on the whole been borrowers since 1 995. This has put increasing pressure on SMEs. . An econometric analysis defining "small" and "large" lenders and borrowers by their size confirms the essential role in the size and direction of these transfers played by cyclical business variations, financial constraints and economic dependence between producers and distributors.

Suggested Citation

  • Michel Dietsch & Élisabeth Kremp, 1998. "Le crédit interentreprises bénéficie plus aux grandes entreprises qu'aux PME," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 314(1), pages 25-37.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1998_num_314_1_2628
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1998.2628
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1998.2628
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Petersen, Mitchell A & Rajan, Raghuram G, 1997. "Trade Credit: Theories and Evidence," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 10(3), pages 661-691.
    2. Michel Dietsch & Élisabeth Kremp, 1996. "Délais de paiement et mesures du risque client," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 37(2), pages 81-96.
    3. Michel Dietsch, 1998. "Atouts et handicaps du Crédit Client face au Crédit Bancaire," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 46(2), pages 175-193.
    4. Michel Dietsch, 1990. "Le crédit interentreprises : coûts et avantages," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 236(1), pages 65-79.
    5. Elizabeth Kremp & Dominique Boissonade, 1994. "Le crédit interentreprises reste une charge pour les PME malgré la diminution des délais de paiement," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 271(1), pages 115-128.
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    2. Giuseppe Marotta, 2001. "Is trade credit more expensive than bank loans? Evidence from Italian firm-level data," Heterogeneity and monetary policy 0103, Universita di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento di Economia Politica.
    3. Dietsch, Michel, 2003. "Financing small businesses in France," EIB Papers 9/2003, European Investment Bank, Economics Department.
    4. Christine Pochet, 2001. "Le gouvernement de l'entreprise défaillante: étude de trente plans de continuation," Revue Finance Contrôle Stratégie, revues.org, vol. 4(2), pages 149-181, March.
    5. Giuseppe Marotta, 2000. "Trade credit in Italy: Evidence from individual firm data," Finance 0004004, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. Anne-France Delannay & Michel Dietsch, 1999. "Le crédit interentreprises joue un rôle d’amortisseur des tensions conjoncturelles," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 54(4), pages 121-136.
    7. Ydriss Ziane, 2009. "Tests des motifs transactionnels et financiers du crédit commercial:le cas des firmes lorraines," Revue Finance Contrôle Stratégie, revues.org, vol. 12(1), pages 67-92, March.

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