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Les politiques monétaires au sein du SME

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  • Patrick Jacq
  • Eric Jondeau
  • Frank Sédillot

Abstract

[eng] Monetary Policies under the EMS, . by Patrick Jacq, Eric Jondeau and Frank Sédillot.. . The constraints imposed by the EMS and the prospects for the European Union have produced a spectacular alignment of Member States' interest rates. This alignment has been essentially asymmetric with the majority of the countries seeing Germany as the leader in monetary policy. The article first considas monetary policy in the EMS Member States before the exchange crises of 1992. It endeavours to identify the reaction functions of the different central banks, mainly through inflation/growth arbitrage and the foreign exchange constraint. The mechanism aligning the behaviour of these central banks is illustrated by positing weights that vary over time for the different goals. The article then turns to the effect of the EMS aisis on the Member States' monetary policies. In particular, it looks at which new specifications of reaction functions provide an account of the observed trend in interest rates (increased weight of the foreign exchange constraint, etc.) and it endeavours to identify the specific features of each country. [fre] Les politiques monétaires au sein du SME, . par Patrick Jacq, Eric Jondeau, Frank Sédillot. . . Les contraintes imposées par le SME et les perspectives de l 'union européenne ont permis une convergence spectaculaire des taux d'intérêt de l'ensemble des pays membres. Cette convergence a été en grande partie asymétrique, l'Allemagne jouant pour la plupart des pays le rôle de leader de la politique monétaire. Nous considérons, dans un premier temps, la politique monétaire des pays membres du SME avant les aises de change de 1992 : nous cherchons à identifier les fonctions de réaction des différentes banques centrales, notamment à travers l'arbitrage inflation/croissance et la contrainte de change ; nous illustrons le mécanisme de convergence des comportements de ces mêmes banques centrales en supposant les pondérations variables au cours du temps pour les différents objectifs. Dans un second temps, nous nous intéressons à l'effet de la crise du SME sur les politiques monétaires des pays membres : nous nous demandons notamment quelles nouvelles spécifications des fonctions de réaction permettent de rendre compte de l'évolution observée des taux d'intérêt (poids accru de la contrainte de change, etc..) et recherchons les spécificités propres à chaque pays. [spa] Las políticas monetarias en el marco del SME, . por Patrick Jacq, Eric Jondeau y Frank Sédillot.. . Las sujeciones impuestas por el SME y las perspectivas de la unión europea han permitido una convergencia espectacular de los tipos de interés en el conjunto de los paises miembros. Esta convergencia ha sido, en gran proporción, asimétrica, puesto que Alemania ha desempeñado para la mayor parte de los países el papel de líder de la política monetaria. En una primera etapa, se considéra la política monetaria de los paiíses miembros del SME anteriormente a las aisis de cambio de 1992 : los autores tratan de identificar las funciones de reacción de los distintos bancos centrales, y fundamentalmente, a través del arbitraje inflación/crecimiento y la sujeción de cambio. Se ilustra el mecanismo de convergencia de los comportamientos de estos mismos bancos centrales suponiendo ponderaciones variables durante el transcurso del tiempo para los distintos objetivos. En un segunda etapa, los autores se interesan por el efecto de la crisis del SME sobre las políticas monetarias de los países miembros : cabe así preguntarse que nuevas especificaciones de las funciones de reacción permiten dar cuenta de la evoluciôn observada en cuanto a los tipos de interés (importancia acrecentada de la sujeción de cambio, etc.) tratando siempre de encontrar el carácter especifico propio de cada país. [ger] Die Währungspolitiken innerhalb des EWS, . von Patrick Jacq, Eric Jondeau, Frank Sédillot.. . Die Auflagen des EWS und die Perspektiven der Europäischen Union haben eine spektakuläre Konvergenz der Zinssätze in sämtlichen Mitgliedstaaten ermöglicht. Diese Konvergenz war allerdings zum großen Teil asymmetrisch, da Deutschland für die meisten Länder in der Währungspolitik eine Führungsrolle spielte. In diesem Artikel wird zunächst die Währungspolitik der einzelnen EWS-Teilnehma vor der Wechselkurskrise von 1 992 erörtert; hierzu versuchen wir, die Reaktionsfunktionen der verschiedenen Zentralbanken zu identifizieren, insbesondere anhand des Kompromisses zwischen Inflation und Wachstum und da Wechselkurszwänge; wir beschreiben den Mechanismus der Konvergenz zwischen den Verhaltensweisen dieser Zentralbanken, wobei davon ausgegangen wird, daß die verschiedenen Zielsetzunsen im Laufe der Zeit variable Gewichtungen hatten. Im Anschluß daran beschäftigen wir uns mit den Auswirkungen der EWS-Krise auf die Währungspolitik der einzelnen Mitgliedstaaten; wir fragen uns hierbei vor allem, mit welchen neuen Spezifikationen bei den Reaktionsfunktionen sich die beobachtete Entwicklung der Zinssätze erklären läßt (zunehmendes Gewicht der Wechselkurszwänge usw.), und versuchen, die Besonderheiten eines jeden Landes zu ermitteln.

Suggested Citation

  • Patrick Jacq & Eric Jondeau & Frank Sédillot, 1993. "Les politiques monétaires au sein du SME," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 109(3), pages 57-74.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecoprv:ecop_0249-4744_1993_num_109_3_5622
    DOI: 10.3406/ecop.1993.5622
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecop.1993.5622
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    1. Patrick Artus, 1986. "Crises de balance des paiements, politique monétaire, contrôle des changes," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 37(4), pages 637-658.
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    4. Giavazzi, Francesco & Spaventa, Luigi, 1990. "The `New' EMS," CEPR Discussion Papers 369, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    5. Flood, Robert P. & Garber, Peter M., 1984. "Collapsing exchange-rate regimes : Some linear examples," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 17(1-2), pages 1-13, August.
    6. Thomas Doan & Robert B. Litterman & Christopher A. Sims, 1983. "Forecasting and Conditional Projection Using Realistic Prior Distributions," NBER Working Papers 1202, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    7. Bernard CONNOLLY & Jurgen KRÖGER, 1993. "Economic Convergence in the Integrating Community Economy and the Role of Economic Policies," Discussion Papers (REL - Recherches Economiques de Louvain) 1993012, Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES).
    8. Cohen, Daniel & Wyplosz, Charles, 1989. "The European Monetary Union: An Agnostic Evaluation," CEPR Discussion Papers 306, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
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    1. Jondeau, E. & Sedillot, F., 1998. "La prevision des taux longs français et allemands a partir d'un modele a anticipations rationnelles," Working papers 55, Banque de France.
    2. Marie Podevin, 2001. "Interaction entre taux d'intérêt allemands et français : un réexamen de l'hypothèse de dominance allemande," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 148(2), pages 49-70.

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