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Sex-specific associations between socioeconomic status and ideal cardiovascular health among Korean adults: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007–2017

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  • Yiyi Yang
  • Hokyou Lee
  • Kokoro Shirai
  • Keyang Liu
  • Hiroyasu Iso
  • Hyeon Chang Kim

Abstract

Socioeconomic status (SES) has a considerable impact on cardiovascular health (CVH), which may differ by sex. We aimed to investigate sex-specific socioeconomic disparities in CVH among 31,141 individuals aged 25–64 years who participated in the cross-sectional 2007–2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES) and the Life’s Simple 7 metrics were used to define ideal CVH. Latent class analysis was used to estimate overall SES patterns. Logistic regression models were used to estimate sex-specific odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for the likelihood of ideal CVH across SES classes, with the highest SES as the reference group. Four SES classes were identified: (1) low class with low education and material property (2.4%), (2) lower-medium class (10.1%) and (3) higher-medium class (43.7%) with increasing material affluence, and (4) high class with highest education and income (43.8%). Lower SES was associated with decreased ideal CVH among women; compared to their high SES counterparts, women with lowest SES were least likely to achieve ideal overall CVH (OR: 0.55, 95%CI: 0.43–0.71). Similar SES gradients in ideal overall CVH for men were also observed but it was less clear (OR (95%CI) for lowest SES: 0.83, 0.51–1.34). Low SES was associated with poorer achievement of ideal CVH with some sex-heterogeneities. Interventions that equalize the distribution of power and resources and targeted sex-specific approaches to empower low socioeconomic subgroups are warranted to prevent the transition from ideal to suboptimal cardiovascular health and to close socioeconomic disparities in CVH among Korean adults.

Suggested Citation

  • Yiyi Yang & Hokyou Lee & Kokoro Shirai & Keyang Liu & Hiroyasu Iso & Hyeon Chang Kim, 2024. "Sex-specific associations between socioeconomic status and ideal cardiovascular health among Korean adults: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007–2017," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 19(8), pages 1-15, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0307040
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307040
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    1. Krueger, P.M. & Chang, V.W., 2008. "Being poor and coping with stress: Health behaviors and the risk of death," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 98(5), pages 889-896.
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