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Institutional courage buffers against institutional betrayal, protects employee health, and fosters organizational commitment following workplace sexual harassment

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  • Alec M Smidt
  • Alexis A Adams-Clark
  • Jennifer J Freyd

Abstract

Workplace sexual harassment is associated with negative psychological and physical outcomes. Recent research suggests that harmful institutional responses to reports of wrongdoing–called institutional betrayal—are associated with additional psychological and physical harm. It has been theorized that supportive responses and an institutional climate characterized by transparency and proactiveness—called institutional courage—may buffer against these negative effects. The current study examined the association of institutional betrayal and institutional courage with workplace outcomes and psychological and physical health among employees reporting exposure to workplace sexual harassment. Adults who were employed full-time for at least six months were recruited through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk platform and completed an online survey (N = 805). Of the full sample, 317 participants reported experiences with workplace sexual harassment, and only this subset of participants were included in analyses. We used existing survey instruments and developed the Institutional Courage Questionnaire-Specific to assess individual experiences of institutional courage within the context of workplace sexual harassment. Of participants who experienced workplace sexual harassment, nearly 55% also experienced institutional betrayal, and 76% experienced institutional courage. Results of correlational analyses indicated that institutional betrayal was associated with decreased job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and increased somatic symptoms. Institutional courage was associated with the reverse. Furthermore, results of multiple regression analyses indicated that institutional courage appeared to attenuate negative outcomes. Overall, our results suggest that institutional courage is important in the context of workplace sexual harassment. These results are in line with previous research on institutional betrayal, may inform policies and procedures related to workplace sexual harassment, and provide a starting point for research on institutional courage.

Suggested Citation

  • Alec M Smidt & Alexis A Adams-Clark & Jennifer J Freyd, 2023. "Institutional courage buffers against institutional betrayal, protects employee health, and fosters organizational commitment following workplace sexual harassment," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 18(1), pages 1-25, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0278830
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278830
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    1. Kevin E. Levay & Jeremy Freese & James N. Druckman, 2016. "The Demographic and Political Composition of Mechanical Turk Samples," SAGE Open, , vol. 6(1), pages 21582440166, March.
    2. Glomb, Theresa M. & Richman, Wendy L. & Hulin, Charles L. & Drasgow, Fritz & Schneider, Kimberly T. & Fitzgerald, Louise F., 1997. "Ambient Sexual Harassment: An Integrated Model of Antecedents and Consequences," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 71(3), pages 309-328, September.
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