IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/plo/pone00/0231637.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Spatial distribution of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in metropolitan Harare, Zimbabwe

Author

Listed:
  • Joconiah Chirenda
  • Isaiah Gwitira
  • Robin M Warren
  • Samantha L Sampson
  • Amon Murwira
  • Collen Masimirembwa
  • Kudzanai M Mateveke
  • Cremence Duri
  • Prosper Chonzi
  • Simbarashe Rusakaniko
  • Elizabeth M Streicher

Abstract

Introduction: The contribution of high tuberculosis (TB) transmission pockets in propagating area-wide transmission has not been adequately described in Zimbabwe. This study aimed to describe the presence of hotspot transmission of TB cases in Harare city from 2011 to 2012 using geospatial techniques. Methods: Anonymised TB patient data stored in an electronic database at Harare City Health department was analysed using geospatial methods. Confirmed TB cases were mapped using geographic information system (GIS). Global Moran’s I and Anselin Local Moran’s I (LISA) were used to assess clustering and the local Getis-Ord Gi* was used to estimate hotspot phenomenon of TB cases in Harare City for the period between 2011 and 2012. Results: A total of 12,702 TB cases were accessed and mapped on the Harare City map. In both 2011 and 2012, ninety (90%) of cases were new and had a high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/TB co-infection rate of 72% across all suburbs. Tuberculosis prevalence was highest in the Southern district in both 2011 and 2012. There were pockets of spatial distribution of TB prevalence across West South West, Southern, Western, South Western and Eastern health districts. TB hot spot occurrence was restricted to the West South West, parts of South Western, Western health districts. West South West district had an increased peri-urban population with inadequate social services including health facilities. These conditions were conducive for increased intensity of TB occurrence, a probable indication of high transmission especially in the presence of high HIV co-infection. Conclusions and recommendations: Increased TB transmission was limited to a health district with high informal internal migrants with limited health services in Harare City. To minimise spread of TB into greater Harare, there is need to improve access to TB services in the peri-urban areas.

Suggested Citation

  • Joconiah Chirenda & Isaiah Gwitira & Robin M Warren & Samantha L Sampson & Amon Murwira & Collen Masimirembwa & Kudzanai M Mateveke & Cremence Duri & Prosper Chonzi & Simbarashe Rusakaniko & Elizabeth, 2020. "Spatial distribution of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in metropolitan Harare, Zimbabwe," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(4), pages 1-16, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0231637
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231637
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0231637
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0231637&type=printable
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1371/journal.pone.0231637?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. J. Keith Ord & Arthur Getis, 2001. "Testing for Local Spatial Autocorrelation in the Presence of Global Autocorrelation," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 41(3), pages 411-432, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Guo, Shuocheng & Kontou, Eleftheria, 2021. "Disparities and equity issues in electric vehicles rebate allocation," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    2. Rene Westerholt & Enrico Steiger & Bernd Resch & Alexander Zipf, 2016. "Abundant Topological Outliers in Social Media Data and Their Effect on Spatial Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(9), pages 1-31, September.
    3. Herrera Gómez, Marcos & Cid, Juan Carlos & Paz, Jorge Augusto, 2012. "Introducción a la econometría espacial: Una aplicación al estudio de la fecundidad en la Argentina usando R [Introduction to Spatial Econometrics: An application to the study of fertility in Argent," MPRA Paper 41138, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Michael Poulsen & Ron Johnston & James Forrest, 2010. "The Intensity of Ethnic Residential Clustering: Exploring Scale Effects Using Local Indicators of Spatial Association," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 42(4), pages 874-894, April.
    5. Ron Johnston & Michael Poulsen & James Forrest, 2009. "Using Local Statistics to Portray Ethnic Residential Segregation in London," The Centre for Market and Public Organisation 09/213, The Centre for Market and Public Organisation, University of Bristol, UK.
    6. Chandan Kumar & Prashant Kumar Singh & Rajesh Kumar Rai, 2012. "Under-Five Mortality in High Focus States in India: A District Level Geospatial Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(5), pages 1-15, May.
    7. Yuqing Zhao & Zenglin Han & Xiaolu Yan & Xuezhe Wang, 2022. "Integrating Spatial Heterogeneity into an Analysis between Ecosystem Service Value and Its Driving Factors: A Case Study of Dalian, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-18, December.
    8. Wulder, Michael A. & White, Joanne C. & Coops, Nicholas C. & Nelson, Trisalyn & Boots, Barry, 2007. "Using local spatial autocorrelation to compare outputs from a forest growth model," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 209(2), pages 264-276.
    9. Chong Liu & Xiaoman Wang & Haiyang Li, 2024. "County-Level Land Use Carbon Budget in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China: Spatiotemporal Differentiation and Coordination Zoning," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-21, February.
    10. Mengting Chen & Liang Zheng & Dike Zhang & Jiangfeng Li, 2022. "Spatio-Temporal Evolution and Obstacle Factors Analysis of Tourism Ecological Security in Huanggang Dabieshan UNESCO Global Geopark," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-22, July.
    11. Liang Guo & Wenjun Cheng & Chang Liu & Qinghao Zhang & Shuo Yang, 2023. "Exploring the Spatial Heterogeneity and Influence Factors of Daily Travel Carbon Emissions in Metropolitan Areas: From the Perspective of the 15-min City," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-22, January.
    12. Yee Leung & Chang-Lin Mei & Wen-Xiu Zhang, 2003. "Statistical Test for Local Patterns of Spatial Association," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 35(4), pages 725-744, April.
    13. Olle Hage & Krister Sandberg & Patrik Söderholm & Christer Berglund, 2018. "The regional heterogeneity of household recycling: a spatial-econometric analysis of Swedish plastic packing waste," Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences, Springer, vol. 11(3), pages 245-267, October.
    14. Mark D. Partridge & Marlon Boarnet & Steven Brakman & Gianmarco Ottaviano, 2012. "Introduction: Whither Spatial Econometrics?," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 52(2), pages 167-171, May.
    15. Roger S. Bivand & David W. S. Wong, 2018. "Comparing implementations of global and local indicators of spatial association," TEST: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 27(3), pages 716-748, September.
    16. Sang-Il Lee, 2004. "A Generalized Significance Testing Method for Global Measures of Spatial Association: An Extension of the Mantel Test," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 36(9), pages 1687-1703, September.
    17. Xuchao Yang & Lin Lin & Yizhe Zhang & Tingting Ye & Qian Chen & Cheng Jin & Guanqiong Ye, 2019. "Spatially Explicit Assessment of Social Vulnerability in Coastal China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(18), pages 1-20, September.
    18. Robert Johnston & Mahesh Ramachandran, 2014. "Modeling Spatial Patchiness and Hot Spots in Stated Preference Willingness to Pay," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 59(3), pages 363-387, November.
    19. Builes-Jaramillo, Alejandro & Lotero, Laura, 2020. "Closeness matters. Spatial autocorrelation and relationship between socioeconomic indices and distance to departmental Colombian capitals," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    20. Yufeng Cheng & Kai Zhu & Quan Zhou & Youssef El Archi & Moaaz Kabil & Bulcsú Remenyik & Lóránt Dénes Dávid, 2023. "Tourism Ecological Efficiency and Sustainable Development in the Hanjiang River Basin: A Super-Efficiency Slacks-Based Measure Model Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-17, April.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0231637. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: plosone (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.