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Implementation of real-time energy management strategy based on reinforcement learning for hybrid electric vehicles and simulation validation

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  • Zehui Kong
  • Yuan Zou
  • Teng Liu

Abstract

To further improve the fuel economy of series hybrid electric tracked vehicles, a reinforcement learning (RL)-based real-time energy management strategy is developed in this paper. In order to utilize the statistical characteristics of online driving schedule effectively, a recursive algorithm for the transition probability matrix (TPM) of power-request is derived. The reinforcement learning (RL) is applied to calculate and update the control policy at regular time, adapting to the varying driving conditions. A facing-forward powertrain model is built in detail, including the engine-generator model, battery model and vehicle dynamical model. The robustness and adaptability of real-time energy management strategy are validated through the comparison with the stationary control strategy based on initial transition probability matrix (TPM) generated from a long naturalistic driving cycle in the simulation. Results indicate that proposed method has better fuel economy than stationary one and is more effective in real-time control.

Suggested Citation

  • Zehui Kong & Yuan Zou & Teng Liu, 2017. "Implementation of real-time energy management strategy based on reinforcement learning for hybrid electric vehicles and simulation validation," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(7), pages 1-16, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0180491
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180491
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Castaings, Ali & Lhomme, Walter & Trigui, Rochdi & Bouscayrol, Alain, 2016. "Comparison of energy management strategies of a battery/supercapacitors system for electric vehicle under real-time constraints," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 190-200.
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    3. Hou, Cong & Ouyang, Minggao & Xu, Liangfei & Wang, Hewu, 2014. "Approximate Pontryagin’s minimum principle applied to the energy management of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 174-189.
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    Cited by:

    1. Liu, Teng & Tan, Wenhao & Tang, Xiaolin & Zhang, Jinwei & Xing, Yang & Cao, Dongpu, 2021. "Driving conditions-driven energy management strategies for hybrid electric vehicles: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    2. Vázquez-Canteli, José R. & Nagy, Zoltán, 2019. "Reinforcement learning for demand response: A review of algorithms and modeling techniques," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C), pages 1072-1089.
    3. Mingliang Bai & Wenjiang Yang & Dongbin Song & Marek Kosuda & Stanislav Szabo & Pavol Lipovsky & Afshar Kasaei, 2020. "Research on Energy Management of Hybrid Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to Improve Energy-Saving and Emission Reduction Performance," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-24, April.
    4. Vamsi Krishna Reddy, Aala Kalananda & Venkata Lakshmi Narayana, Komanapalli, 2022. "Meta-heuristics optimization in electric vehicles -an extensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    5. Du, Guodong & Zou, Yuan & Zhang, Xudong & Kong, Zehui & Wu, Jinlong & He, Dingbo, 2019. "Intelligent energy management for hybrid electric tracked vehicles using online reinforcement learning," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C), pages 1-1.

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