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Period Without a Job After Returning from the Middle East: A Survival Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • G.M. Arif

    (Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.)

Abstract

Since the mid-1980s Pakistan has faced return flows of its workers from the Middle East on a large scale. The re-employment experience of returning workers has usually been examined by focusing on the unemployment rate. This paper concentrates on ‘duration of unemployment’ and examines the influences of socio-demographic characteristics of returnees and their households on the transition from being ‘not employed’ to being employed by estimating the proportional hazards model. The 1986 ILO survey of return migrant households is the data source used in this study. The majority of returnees who were ‘not employed’ (unemployed and inactive) had been without a job for more than one year. Nearly one-quarter of them had not been working for more than two years. The analysis shows that variables indicating the human capital of return migrants, such as age, education, occupation and work experience, appear to have greater influence on their re-employment probabilities than variables related to economic position, such as savings.

Suggested Citation

  • G.M. Arif, 1996. "Period Without a Job After Returning from the Middle East: A Survival Analysis," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 35(4), pages 805-822.
    • Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:35:y:1996:i:4:p:805-822
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    File URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1996/Volume4/805-822.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lancaster, Tony, 1979. "Econometric Methods for the Duration of Unemployment," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 47(4), pages 939-956, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. P. Azad & A. Abdul Salim & P. K. Sujathan, 2021. "Has Emigration Perked Up Entrepreneurship Among Return Migrants in Kerala? Findings from a Survey in a High Migration Density District," The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, Springer;The Indian Society of Labour Economics (ISLE), vol. 64(3), pages 769-786, September.
    2. Muhammad Irfan, 2010. "A Review of the Labour Market Research at PIDE 1957-2009," PIDE Books, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, number 2010:1 edited by Rashid Amjad & Aurangzeb A. Hashmi.
    3. Tasnim Khan & Fatima Yousaf, 2013. "Unemployment Duration of First Time Job Seekers: A Case Study of Bahawalpur," Asian Journal of Economic Modelling, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 1(1), pages 8-19, December.
    4. Torres Rivas, Elizabeth & Zambrano, Angel & Orlandoni Merli, Giampaolo & Ramoni Perazzi, Josefa, 2017. "Analysis of the duration of unemployment and outcomes for unemployed persons in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), August.
    5. P. Azad & P. K. Sujathan, 2022. "Hazard Analysis of Unemployment Duration of Return Migrants: The Case of Indian State of Kerala," Journal of Quantitative Economics, Springer;The Indian Econometric Society (TIES), vol. 20(4), pages 881-901, December.

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