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Liberalization and Regional Integration: The Philippines’ Strategy for Global Competitiveness

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  • Austria, Myrna S. Author_Email:

Abstract

The paper examines the policies pursued by the Philippines in response to the increasing economic integration and interdependence of nations and regions around the world, focusing in particular on the country’s multitrack approach to trade and investment liberalization. The country’s experience points to the importance of domestic policies that foster domestic efficiency and competitiveness before one can participate in regional integration and face global competition. The country first pursued trade and liberalization policies in the 1980s and 1990s to eliminate the inefficiency of domestic industries arising from its past protectionist policies. The unilateral liberation efforts resulted in a better allocation of resources and improvement in the overall competitiveness of domestic industries. The improved competitiveness enabled the country to participate in the 1990s in regional trading arrangements--AFTA and APEC--and in the much bigger WTO. The challenge facing the country now is how to deepen and expand its participation in regional integration as the proliferation of regional trading agreements has brought forth many new competitors for the country, both for its export markets and its sources of foreign direct investment. Areas requiring further reforms are identified to enable the country to realize the full gains from economic integration.

Suggested Citation

  • Austria, Myrna S. Author_Email:, 2001. "Liberalization and Regional Integration: The Philippines’ Strategy for Global Competitiveness," Philippine Journal of Development, Philippine Institute for Development Studies.
    • Handle: RePEc:phd:pjdevt:pjd_2001_vol__xxviii_no__1-c
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.62986/pjd2001.28.1c
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Anne O. Krueger, 1999. "Are Preferential Trading Arrangements Trade-Liberalizing or Protectionist?," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 13(4), pages 105-124, Fall.
    2. Jagdish Bhagwati, 1992. "Regionalism versus Multilateralism," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 15(5), pages 535-556, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Hassine, Nadia Belhaj & Décaluwé, Bernard, 2008. "Does Agricultural Trade Liberalization Help the Poor in Tunisia? A Dynamic General Equilibrium Approach," Conference papers 331710, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    2. Lazaro, Dorothea C. Author_Email: & Wignaraja, Ganeshan Author_Email: & De Guzman, Genevieve Author_Email:, 2011. "Factors Affecting Use or Nonuse of Free Trade Agreements in the Philippines," Philippine Journal of Development, Philippine Institute for Development Studies.
    3. Caesar B Cororaton & Erwin Corong & John Cockburn, 2009. "Agricultural Price Distortions, Poverty, and Inequality in the Philippines," World Bank Publications - Reports 28178, The World Bank Group.
    4. Ganeshan Wignaraja & Dorothea Lazaro & Genevieve DeGuzman, 2010. "FTAs and Philippine Business: Evidence from Transport, Food, and Electronics Firms," ADBI Working Papers 185, Asian Development Bank Institute.

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