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Experience Effects in Finance: Foundations, Applications, and Future Directions
[X-capm: an extrapolative capital asset pricing model]

Author

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  • Ulrike Malmendier

Abstract

This article establishes four key findings of the growing literature on experience effects in finance: (i) the long-lasting imprint of past experiences on beliefs and risk taking; (ii) recency effects; (iii) the domain-specificity of experience effects; and (iv) imperviousness to information that is not experience-based. I first discuss the neuroscientific foundations of experience-based learning and sketch a simple model of its role in the stock market based on Malmendier et al. (2020a, b). I then distill the empirical findings on experience effects in stock-market investment, trade dynamics, and international capital flows, highlighting these four key features. Finally, I contrast models of belief formation that rely on “learned information” with models accounting for the neuroscience evidence on synaptic tagging and memory formation, and provide directions for future research.

Suggested Citation

  • Ulrike Malmendier, 2021. "Experience Effects in Finance: Foundations, Applications, and Future Directions [X-capm: an extrapolative capital asset pricing model]," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 25(5), pages 1339-1363.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:revfin:v:25:y:2021:i:5:p:1339-1363.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/rof/rfab020
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Borisova, Ekaterina & Gründler, Klaus & Hackenberger, Armin & Harter, Anina & Potrafke, Niklas & Schoors, Koen, 2023. "Crisis experience and the deep roots of COVID-19 vaccination preferences," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    2. Dekeyser, Simon & He, Xianjie & Xiao, Tusheng & Zuo, Luo, 2024. "Auditor industry range and audit quality," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 77(2).
    3. Luo, Deming & Yao, Zhongwei & Zhu, Yanjian, 2022. "Bubble-crash experience and investment styles of mutual fund managers," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    4. Francesco Bogliacino & Cristiano Codagnone & Frans Folkvord & Francisco Lupiáñez-Villanueva, 2023. "The impact of labour market shocks on mental health: evidence from the Covid-19 first wave," Economia Politica: Journal of Analytical and Institutional Economics, Springer;Fondazione Edison, vol. 40(3), pages 899-930, October.
    5. Detemple, Julian, 2024. "Thoughts about the dictator and trust game," SAFE Working Paper Series 422, Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE.
    6. Attema, Arthur E. & Galizzi, Matteo M. & Groß, Mona & Hennig-Schmidt, Heike & Karay, Yassin & L’Haridon, Olivier & Wiesen, Daniel, 2023. "The formation of physician altruism," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    7. Gai, Prasanna & Haworth, Cameron, 2023. "Macroprudential policymakers with cautious expectations," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    8. Bianchi, Milo & Liu, Zhengkai & Wang, Gang, 2022. "Are We Becoming Greener? Life-time Experiences and Responsible Investment," TSE Working Papers 22-1382, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE).
    9. Happel, Jonas & Karabulut, Yigitcan & Schäfer, Larissa & Tüzel, Şelale, 2024. "Shattered housing," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    10. Oehler, Andreas & Horn, Matthias, 2024. "Does ChatGPT provide better advice than robo-advisors?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Experience Effects; Beliefs; Recency; Domain specificity; Information; Stock-market participation; Trade dynamics; International capital flows;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D14 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Household Saving; Personal Finance
    • D81 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
    • D83 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge; Communication; Belief; Unawareness
    • D87 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Neuroeconomics
    • D91 - Microeconomics - - Micro-Based Behavioral Economics - - - Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making
    • F30 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - General
    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates
    • G41 - Financial Economics - - Behavioral Finance - - - Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making in Financial Markets
    • G50 - Financial Economics - - Household Finance - - - General

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