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La gouvernance régionale du transport ferroviaire de voyageurs en France : une approche par la méthode des comptes de surplus

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  • Desmaris, Christian

Abstract

Il y a dix ans, la loi SRU a ouvert une réforme ambivalente du système ferroviaire de transport de voyageurs en France. Elle préserve le monopole d’exploitation de l’opérateur historique, mais confie aux Régions la responsabilité d’autorité organisatrice. La théorie économique suggère que le monopole conduit à une capture de rente. Par la méthode des comptes de surplus, que nous déployons sur le compte de facturation SNCF-TER, nous montrons qu’en cette phase initiale, RFF est le principal bénéficiaire du surplus total disponible, loin devant les voyageurs tendanciellement bénéficiaires de la régionalisation ferroviaire. L’effet sur les collectivités publiques est plus équivoque. Si les Régions ont su maîtriser la frontière de prix de la subvention d’exploitation, hors péages, elles ont dû céder d’importants avantages au titre de la modernisation du matériel roulant. Une approche plus fine montre combien chaque Région constitue un « modèle économique du TER » particulier régi par un mode de gouvernance spécifique.

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  • Desmaris, Christian, 2012. "La gouvernance régionale du transport ferroviaire de voyageurs en France : une approche par la méthode des comptes de surplus," Revue d'économie régionale et urbaine, Editions NecPlus, vol. 2011(01), pages 39-79, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:nec:rerurb:v:2011:y:2012:i:01:p:39-79_00
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    Cited by:

    1. David Hergott & Florent Laroche & Patricia Perennes, 2014. "30 fiches pour comprendre les enjeux de la réforme ferroviaire," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) hal-01486732, HAL.
    2. David Hergott & Florent Laroche & Patricia Perennes, 2014. "30 fiches pour comprendre les enjeux de la réforme ferroviaire," Working Papers hal-01486732, HAL.
    3. Crozet, Y. & Desmaris, C., 2011. "Le transport ferroviaire régional de voyageurs : un processus collectif d’apprentissage," Recherche Transports Sécurité, Editions NecPlus, vol. 2011(03), pages 143-162, September.

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