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Observation of multiple time crystals in a driven-dissipative system with Rydberg gas

Author

Listed:
  • Yuechun Jiao

    (Shanxi University
    Shanxi University)

  • Weilun Jiang

    (Shanxi University
    Shanxi University)

  • Yu Zhang

    (Shanxi University)

  • Jingxu Bai

    (Shanxi University
    Shanxi University)

  • Yunhui He

    (Shanxi University)

  • Heng Shen

    (Shanxi University
    Shanxi University)

  • Jianming Zhao

    (Shanxi University
    Shanxi University)

  • Suotang Jia

    (Shanxi University
    Shanxi University)

Abstract

Time crystals, as temporal analogs of space crystals, manifest as stable and periodic behavior that breaks time translation symmetry. In an open quantum system, many-body interaction subjected to dissipation allows one to develop the time crystalline order in an unprecedented way, as refer to dissipative time crystals. Here we report the observation of multiple time crystals in the continuously driven-dissipative and strongly interacting Rydberg thermal gases, in which continuous time crystals, sub-harmonic time crystals and high-harmonic time crystals are observed in the same system by manipulating the Rydberg excitation. Our work provides new ways to explore the non-equilibrium phases of matter in open systems. Such time crystals with persistent oscillation rooted in emergent quantum correlations, may emerge as a ubiquitous tool in quantum metrology, for instance, continuous sensing and parameter estimation surpassing the standard quantum limit.

Suggested Citation

  • Yuechun Jiao & Weilun Jiang & Yu Zhang & Jingxu Bai & Yunhui He & Heng Shen & Jianming Zhao & Suotang Jia, 2025. "Observation of multiple time crystals in a driven-dissipative system with Rydberg gas," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-7, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-64488-7
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-64488-7
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