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The Personalized Nutrition Study (POINTS): evaluation of a genetically informed weight loss approach, a Randomized Clinical Trial

Author

Listed:
  • Christoph Höchsmann

    (Technical University of Munich
    Pennington Biomedical Research Center)

  • Shengping Yang

    (Pennington Biomedical Research Center)

  • José M. Ordovás

    (Tufts University)

  • James L. Dorling

    (University of Glasgow)

  • Catherine M. Champagne

    (Pennington Biomedical Research Center)

  • John W. Apolzan

    (Pennington Biomedical Research Center)

  • Frank L. Greenway

    (Pennington Biomedical Research Center)

  • Michelle I. Cardel

    (WW International, Inc.
    University of Florida College of Medicine)

  • Gary D. Foster

    (WW International, Inc.
    Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania)

  • Corby K. Martin

    (Pennington Biomedical Research Center)

Abstract

Weight loss (WL) differences between isocaloric high-carbohydrate and high-fat diets are generally small; however, individual WL varies within diet groups. Genotype patterns may modify diet effects, with carbohydrate-responsive genotypes losing more weight on high-carbohydrate diets (and vice versa for fat-responsive genotypes). We investigated whether 12-week WL (kg, primary outcome) differs between genotype-concordant and genotype-discordant diets. In this 12-week single-center WL trial, 145 participants with overweight/obesity were identified a priori as fat-responders or carbohydrate-responders based on their combined genotypes at ten genetic variants and randomized to a high-fat (n = 73) or high-carbohydrate diet (n = 72), yielding 4 groups: (1) fat-responders receiving high-fat diet, (2) fat-responders receiving high-carbohydrate diet, (3) carbohydrate-responders receiving high-fat diet, (4) carbohydrate-responders receiving high-carbohydrate diet. Dietitians delivered the WL intervention via 12 weekly diet-specific small group sessions. Outcome assessors were blind to diet assignment and genotype patterns. We included 122 participants (54.4 [SD:13.2] years, BMI 34.9 [SD:5.1] kg/m2, 84% women) in the analyses. Twelve-week WL did not differ between the genotype-concordant (−5.3 kg [SD:1.0]) and genotype-discordant diets (−4.8 kg [SD:1.1]; adjusted difference: −0.6 kg [95% CI: −2.1,0.9], p = 0.50). With the current ability to genotype participants as fat- or carbohydrate-responders, evidence does not support greater WL on genotype-concordant diets. ClinicalTrials identifier: NCT04145466.

Suggested Citation

  • Christoph Höchsmann & Shengping Yang & José M. Ordovás & James L. Dorling & Catherine M. Champagne & John W. Apolzan & Frank L. Greenway & Michelle I. Cardel & Gary D. Foster & Corby K. Martin, 2023. "The Personalized Nutrition Study (POINTS): evaluation of a genetically informed weight loss approach, a Randomized Clinical Trial," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-13, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-41969-1
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41969-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Adela Hruby & Frank Hu, 2015. "The Epidemiology of Obesity: A Big Picture," PharmacoEconomics, Springer, vol. 33(7), pages 673-689, July.
    2. Maximilian Tremmel & Ulf-G. Gerdtham & Peter M. Nilsson & Sanjib Saha, 2017. "Economic Burden of Obesity: A Systematic Literature Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-18, April.
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