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Fast lithium growth and short circuit induced by localized-temperature hotspots in lithium batteries

Author

Listed:
  • Yangying Zhu

    (Stanford University)

  • Jin Xie

    (Stanford University
    ShanghaiTech University)

  • Allen Pei

    (Stanford University)

  • Bofei Liu

    (Stanford University)

  • Yecun Wu

    (Stanford University
    Stanford University)

  • Dingchang Lin

    (Stanford University)

  • Jun Li

    (Stanford University
    Stanford University)

  • Hansen Wang

    (Stanford University)

  • Hao Chen

    (Stanford University)

  • Jinwei Xu

    (Stanford University)

  • Ankun Yang

    (Stanford University)

  • Chun-Lan Wu

    (Stanford University)

  • Hongxia Wang

    (Stanford University)

  • Wei Chen

    (Stanford University)

  • Yi Cui

    (Stanford University
    Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences)

Abstract

Fast-charging and high-energy-density batteries pose significant safety concerns due to high rates of heat generation. Understanding how localized high temperatures affect the battery is critical but remains challenging, mainly due to the difficulty of probing battery internal temperature with high spatial resolution. Here we introduce a method to induce and sense localized high temperature inside a lithium battery using micro-Raman spectroscopy. We discover that temperature hotspots can induce significant lithium metal growth as compared to the surrounding lower temperature area due to the locally enhanced surface exchange current density. More importantly, localized high temperature can be one of the factors to cause battery internal shorting, which further elevates the temperature and increases the risk of thermal runaway. This work provides important insights on the effects of heterogeneous temperatures within batteries and aids the development of safer batteries, thermal management schemes, and diagnostic tools.

Suggested Citation

  • Yangying Zhu & Jin Xie & Allen Pei & Bofei Liu & Yecun Wu & Dingchang Lin & Jun Li & Hansen Wang & Hao Chen & Jinwei Xu & Ankun Yang & Chun-Lan Wu & Hongxia Wang & Wei Chen & Yi Cui, 2019. "Fast lithium growth and short circuit induced by localized-temperature hotspots in lithium batteries," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-7, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:10:y:2019:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-019-09924-1
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09924-1
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    Cited by:

    1. Zhang, Guangxu & Wei, Xuezhe & Tang, Xuan & Zhu, Jiangong & Chen, Siqi & Dai, Haifeng, 2021. "Internal short circuit mechanisms, experimental approaches and detection methods of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    2. Li, Da & Zhang, Lei & Zhang, Zhaosheng & Liu, Peng & Deng, Junjun & Wang, Qiushi & Wang, Zhenpo, 2023. "Battery safety issue detection in real-world electric vehicles by integrated modeling and voltage abnormality," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    3. Xu, Bin & Lee, Jinwoo & Kwon, Daeil & Kong, Lingxi & Pecht, Michael, 2021. "Mitigation strategies for Li-ion battery thermal runaway: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    4. Fan, Zhaohui & Fu, Yijie & Liang, Hong & Gao, Renjing & Liu, Shutian, 2023. "A module-level charging optimization method of lithium-ion battery considering temperature gradient effect of liquid cooling and charging time," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    5. Qiao, Dongdong & Wang, Xueyuan & Lai, Xin & Zheng, Yuejiu & Wei, Xuezhe & Dai, Haifeng, 2022. "Online quantitative diagnosis of internal short circuit for lithium-ion batteries using incremental capacity method," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    6. Christensen, Paul A. & Anderson, Paul A. & Harper, Gavin D.J. & Lambert, Simon M. & Mrozik, Wojciech & Rajaeifar, Mohammad Ali & Wise, Malcolm S. & Heidrich, Oliver, 2021. "Risk management over the life cycle of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    7. Khurshid, Adnan & Chen, Yufeng & Rauf, Abdur & Khan, Khalid, 2023. "Critical metals in uncertainty: How Russia-Ukraine conflict drives their prices?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PB).

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