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Az inváziós fajok gazdasági költségei
[Economic costs of invasive species]

Author

Listed:
  • Garamszegi, László Zsolt

  • Fertő, Imre

Abstract

Az inváziós fajok gazdasági költségeinek kérdésköre szemléletes példája a közgazdasági értelemben vett "puha költségvetési korlát" jelenségének. Tanulmányunk azt vizsgálja, hogyan vezet a probléma kezelésére irányuló stratégiai döntések halogatása olyan helyzethez, amelyben a kezdetben csekélynek tűnő gondok később exponenciális ütemben súlyosbodnak, jelentős gazdasági károkat és visszafordíthatatlan természeti veszteségeket okozva. A Kornai János által kidolgozott elméleti keretet felhasználva bemutatjuk, hogy a gazdasági szereplők és a döntéshozók miért nem érzik a korai megelőzés sürgető kényszerét, és miként járul hozzá a "megmentő mechanizmusok" iránti hamis bizalom a biológiai inváziók terjedéséhez és súlyosbodásához. Különféle költségbecslési módszereket mutatunk be a közvetlen gazdasági károk felmérésétől a bioökonómiai modellekig, hangsúlyozva a nem piaci értékek alábecsülésének következményeit. Globális és regionális példákkal illusztráljuk, hogy a hiányos monitorozási rendszerek, a politikai prioritások és egyes érdekcsoportok lobbizása miként puhítja tovább a költségvetési korlátokat. Végül olyan szakpolitikai ajánlásokat fogalmazunk meg, amelyek elősegíthetik keményebb költségvetési korlátok kialakítását, előmozdítva a korai megelőzést és ezzel a hosszú távú ökológiai és gazdasági fenntarthatóságot.

Suggested Citation

  • Garamszegi, László Zsolt & Fertő, Imre, 2025. "Az inváziós fajok gazdasági költségei [Economic costs of invasive species]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(7), pages 708-737.
    • Handle: RePEc:ksa:szemle:2263
    DOI: 10.18414/KSZ.2025.7-8.708
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    JEL classification:

    • Q51 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Valuation of Environmental Effects
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming
    • Q57 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Ecological Economics
    • Q58 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Government Policy

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