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Exploring spatially varying demographic associations with gonorrhea incidence in Baltimore, Maryland, 2002–2005

Author

Listed:
  • Jeffrey M. Switchenko

    (Emory University)

  • Jacky M. Jennings

    (Johns Hopkins University)

  • Lance A. Waller

    (Emory University)

Abstract

The ability to establish spatial links between gonorrhea risk and demographic features is an important step in disease awareness and more effective prevention techniques. Past spatial analyses focused on local variations in risk, but not on spatial variations in associations with demographics. We collected data from the Baltimore City Health Department from 2002 to 2005 and evaluated demographic features known to be associated with gonorrhea risk in Baltimore, by allowing spatial variation in associations using Poisson geographically weighted regression (PGWR). The PGWR maps revealed variations in local relationships between race, education, and poverty with gonorrhea risk which were not captured previously. We determined that the PGWR model provided a significantly better fit to the data and yields a more nuanced interpretation of “core areas” of risk. The PGWR model’s quantification of spatial variation in associations between disease risk and demographic features provides local and demographic structure to core areas of higher risk.

Suggested Citation

  • Jeffrey M. Switchenko & Jacky M. Jennings & Lance A. Waller, 2020. "Exploring spatially varying demographic associations with gonorrhea incidence in Baltimore, Maryland, 2002–2005," Journal of Geographical Systems, Springer, vol. 22(2), pages 201-216, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:jgeosy:v:22:y:2020:i:2:d:10.1007_s10109-020-00321-7
    DOI: 10.1007/s10109-020-00321-7
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. David Wheeler & Lance Waller, 2009. "Comparing spatially varying coefficient models: a case study examining violent crime rates and their relationships to alcohol outlets and illegal drug arrests," Journal of Geographical Systems, Springer, vol. 11(1), pages 1-22, March.
    2. Jennings, Jacky M. & Taylor, Ralph B. & Salhi, Rama A. & Furr-Holden, C. Debra M. & Ellen, Jonathan M., 2012. "Neighborhood drug markets: A risk environment for bacterial sexually transmitted infections among urban youth," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 74(8), pages 1240-1250.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Geographically weighted regression; Spatial analysis; STIs; Core area;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C18 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Methodolical Issues: General
    • C31 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile Regressions; Social Interaction Models

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