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The Emergence of Money: Computational Approaches with Fully and Boundedly Rational Agents

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Listed:
  • Zakaria Babutsidze

    (Université Côte d’Azur (GREDEG)
    Sciences Po Paris)

  • Maurizio Iacopetta

    (Université Côte d’Azur (GREDEG)
    Sciences Po Paris)

Abstract

We discuss the emergence of money in a Kiyotaki and Wright (J Polit Econ 97:927–954, 1989) environment through two computational methodologies. One assumes that agents are fully rational and coordinate on Nash equilibria. The other considers boundedly rational agents whose choices are guided by a classifier system à la Marimon et al. (J Econ Dyn Control 14:329–373, 1990). We apply the two methodologies to study the conditions under which individuals can learn to play speculative strategies—to accept a high-storage-cost good as money. Our analysis suggests that, while in both types of systems money can emerge along a dynamic path, boundedly rational agents make conflicting choices at times, even when the classifier system provides clear information about the likely gains of a trade.

Suggested Citation

  • Zakaria Babutsidze & Maurizio Iacopetta, 2021. "The Emergence of Money: Computational Approaches with Fully and Boundedly Rational Agents," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 58(1), pages 3-26, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:compec:v:58:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1007_s10614-019-09887-x
    DOI: 10.1007/s10614-019-09887-x
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    1. Jack Ochs & John Duffy, 1999. "Emergence of Money as a Medium of Exchange: An Experimental Study," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 89(4), pages 847-877, September.
    2. Kiyotaki, Nobuhiro & Wright, Randall, 1989. "On Money as a Medium of Exchange," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 97(4), pages 927-954, August.
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    12. Greif,Avner, 2006. "Institutions and the Path to the Modern Economy," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521671347, September.
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    16. Maurizio Iacopetta, 2019. "The emergence of money: a dynamic analysis," Post-Print hal-03403573, HAL.
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    Cited by:

    1. Kyohei Shibano & Gento Mogi, 2022. "An analysis of the acquisition of a monetary function by cryptocurrency using a multi-agent simulation model," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 8(1), pages 1-30, December.
    2. Mattia Di Russo & Zakaria Babutsidze & Célia da Costa Pereira & Maurizio Iacopetta & Andrea G. B. Tettamanzi, 2022. "Agent-Based Modeling for Studying the Spontaneous Emergence of Money," Post-Print hal-03913561, HAL.
    3. Eduardo Ferraciolli & Tanya Araújo, 2023. "Agent-based Modeling and the Sociology of Money: a Framework for the Study of Coordination and Plurality," Working Papers REM 2023/0285, ISEG - Lisbon School of Economics and Management, REM, Universidade de Lisboa.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Money; Rationality; Speculative strategies; Computational methods;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C61 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis
    • C63 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Computational Techniques
    • D83 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge; Communication; Belief; Unawareness
    • E27 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
    • E41 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Demand for Money

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