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The Emergence of Money: Computational Approaches with Fully and Boundedly Rational Agents

Author

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  • Zakaria Babutsidze

    (SKEMA Business School, GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UniCA - Université Côte d'Azur, OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

  • Maurizio Iacopetta

Abstract

We discuss the emergence of money in a Kiyotaki and Wright (J Polit Econ 97:927–954, 1989) environment through two computational methodologies. One assumes that agents are fully rational and coordinate on Nash equilibria. The other considers boundedly rational agents whose choices are guided by a classifier system à la Marimon et al. (J Econ Dyn Control 14:329–373, 1990). We apply the two methodologies to study the conditions under which individuals can learn to play speculative strategies—to accept a high-storage-cost good as money. Our analysis suggests that, while in both types of systems money can emerge along a dynamic path, boundedly rational agents make conflicting choices at times, even when the classifier system provides clear information about the likely gains of a trade.
(This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)

Suggested Citation

  • Zakaria Babutsidze & Maurizio Iacopetta, 2021. "The Emergence of Money: Computational Approaches with Fully and Boundedly Rational Agents," SciencePo Working papers Main halshs-03896290, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:spmain:halshs-03896290
    DOI: 10.1007/s10614-019-09887-x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jack Ochs & John Duffy, 1999. "Emergence of Money as a Medium of Exchange: An Experimental Study," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 89(4), pages 847-877, September.
    2. Kiyotaki, Nobuhiro & Wright, Randall, 1989. "On Money as a Medium of Exchange," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 97(4), pages 927-954, August.
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    4. Acemoglu,Daron & Robinson,James A., 2009. "Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521671422.
    5. Sethi, Rajiv, 1999. "Evolutionary stability and media of exchange," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 40(3), pages 233-254, November.
    6. Iacopetta, Maurizio, 2019. "The Emergence Of Money: A Dynamic Analysis," Macroeconomic Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 23(7), pages 2573-2596, October.
    7. Menger, Carl, 1892. "On the Origins of Money," History of Economic Thought Articles, McMaster University Archive for the History of Economic Thought, vol. 2, pages 239-255.
    8. Duffie, Darrell & Sun, Yeneng, 2012. "The exact law of large numbers for independent random matching," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 147(3), pages 1105-1139.
    9. Duffy, John, 2001. "Learning to speculate: Experiments with artificial and real agents," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 25(3-4), pages 295-319, March.
    10. John Duffy & Jack Ochs, 2002. "Intrinsically Worthless Objects as Media of Exchange: Experimental Evidence," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 43(3), pages 637-674, August.
    11. Marimon, Ramon & McGrattan, Ellen & Sargent, Thomas J., 1990. "Money as a medium of exchange in an economy with artificially intelligent agents," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 14(2), pages 329-373, May.
    12. Greif,Avner, 2006. "Institutions and the Path to the Modern Economy," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521671347.
    13. Kehoe, Timothy J & Kiyotaki, Nobuhiro & Wright, Randall, 1993. "More on Money as a Medium of Exchange," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 3(2), pages 297-314, April.
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    16. Maurizio Iacopetta, 2019. "The emergence of money: a dynamic analysis," Post-Print hal-03403573, HAL.
    17. Ricardo Lagos & Guillaume Rocheteau & Randall Wright, 2017. "Liquidity: A New Monetarist Perspective," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 55(2), pages 371-440, June.
    18. Brown, Paul M., 1996. "Experimental evidence on money as a medium of exchange," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 20(4), pages 583-600, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Kyohei Shibano & Gento Mogi, 2022. "An analysis of the acquisition of a monetary function by cryptocurrency using a multi-agent simulation model," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 8(1), pages 1-30, December.
    2. Mattia Di Russo & Zakaria Babutsidze & Célia da Costa Pereira & Maurizio Iacopetta & Andrea G. B. Tettamanzi, 2022. "Agent-Based Modeling for Studying the Spontaneous Emergence of Money," Post-Print hal-03913561, HAL.
    3. Eduardo Ferraciolli & Tanya Araújo, 2023. "Agent-based Modeling and the Sociology of Money: a Framework for the Study of Coordination and Plurality," Working Papers REM 2023/0285, ISEG - Lisbon School of Economics and Management, REM, Universidade de Lisboa.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • C61 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis
    • C63 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Computational Techniques
    • D83 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge; Communication; Belief; Unawareness
    • E27 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
    • E41 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Demand for Money

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