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Türkiye’de Toplumsal Tabakalaşma ve Hareketliliğin Meslekler Üzerinden Ölçümü

Author

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  • Caner ÖZDEMİR

    (Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi, Çalışma Ekonomisi ve Endüstri İlişkileri Bölümü, Zonguldak, Türkiye)

Abstract

Türkiye’de toplumsal tabakalaşma üzerine yapılan nicel çalışmaların sayısı uluslararası literatürle karşılaştırıldığında çok sınırlı kalmıştır. Bu durumun en önemli sebeplerinden birisi veri yetersizliğidir. Bu çalışmada meslek temelli tabakalaşma ölçekleri kullanılarak Türkiye’de toplumsal tabakalaşmanın mevcut durumunun, mesleki statüyü etkileyen faktörlerin ve toplumsal hareketliliğin değişiminin halihazırdaki verilerle tespit edilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaçla çeşitli sınırlılıklarına rağmen 2009 tarihli Uluslararası Sosyal Tarama Programı (ISSP), 2010 tarihli TÜİK Hanehalkı İşgücü Araştırması ve 2012 tarihli TÜİK Yetişkin Eğitimi Araştırması verilerindeki meslek bilgileri kullanılarak örneklemlerdeki bireylerin mesleki statüleri ve tabakalaşma hiyerarşisindeki konumları farklı kuramsal kavramlaştırmalara dayanan EGP, ISEI ve CAMSIS ölçeklerine göre ayrı ayrı hesaplanmıştır. En küçük kareler regresyon modelleri ve çoklu kategori lojistik regresyon modelleri analizlerinde ebeveyn mesleki statüsü, birey eğitim düzeyi ve ebeveyn eğitim düzeyinin bireyin mesleki statüsü üzerindeki etkisinin tüm verisetleri ve ölçeklerde anlamlı olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, çok düzeyli modelleme analizlerinde ebeveyn mesleki statüsünün birey mesleki statüsü üzerindeki etkisinin genç kuşaklarda azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar uluslararası literatürdeki bulgularla büyük ölçüde paralellikler göstermektedir. Yapılan analizlerde yukarı hareketlilik imkanlarının artma eğiliminde olduğu gözükse de daha kesin yargılara varabilmek için hem örneklemi hem ölçüm araçları Türkiye’de toplumsal hareketlilik düzeyini ölçmek üzere tasarlanmış ebeveyn ve birey eğitim ve meslek durumlarını doğrudan ölçen hedefe yönelik araştırmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Suggested Citation

  • Caner ÖZDEMİR, 2020. "Türkiye’de Toplumsal Tabakalaşma ve Hareketliliğin Meslekler Üzerinden Ölçümü," Journal of Economy Culture and Society, Istanbul University, Faculty of Economics, vol. 0(1), pages 60-77, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:ist:iujecs:v:suppl:y:2020:i:suppl:p:60-77s
    DOI: 10.26650/JECS2019-0053
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    References listed on IDEAS

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